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Theta increases with workload and is associated with numerous processes including working memory, problem solving, encoding, or self monitoring. These processes, in turn, involve numerous structures of the brain. However, the relationship between regional brain activity and the occurrence of theta remains unclear. In the present study, simultaneous EEG-fMRI recordings were used to investigate the functional topography of theta. EEG-theta was enhanced by mental arithmetic-induced workload. For the EEG-constrained fMRI analysis, theta-reference time-series were extracted from the EEG, reflecting the strength of theta occurrence during the time course of the experiment. Theta occurrence was mainly associated with activation of the insular cortex, hippocampus, superior temporal areas, cingulate cortex, superior parietal, and frontal areas. Though observation of temporal and insular activation is in accord with the theory that theta specifically reflects encoding processes, the involvement of several other brain regions implies that surface-recorded theta represents comprehensive functional brain states rather than specific processes in the brain. The results provide further evidence for the concept that emergent theta band oscillations represent dynamic functional binding of widely distributed cortical assemblies, essential for cognitive processing. This binding process may form the source of surface-recorded EEG theta.
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The aim of this fMRI study was to explore brain structures that are involved in the processing of erotic and disgust-inducing pictures. The stimuli were chosen to trigger approach and withdrawal tendencies, respectively. By adding sadomasochistic (SM) scenes to the design and examining 12 subjects with and 12 subjects without sadomasochistic preferences, we introduced a picture category that induced erotic pleasure in one sample and disgust in the other sample. Since we also presented neutral pictures, all subjects viewed pictures of four different categories: neutral, disgust-inducing, erotic, and SM erotic pictures. The analysis indicated that several brain structures are commonly involved in the processing of disgust-inducing and erotic pictures (occipital cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and the amygdala). The ventral striatum was specifically activated when subjects saw highly sexually arousing pictures. This indicates the involvement of the human reward system during the processing of visual erotica.
Erkunden
Team
- Vaitl (2)
Eintragsart
Sprache
- Englisch (2)
Thema
- Functional Laterality/physiology
- Adult (2)
- *Affect (1)
- Amygdala/blood supply/metabolism (1)
- Basal Ganglia/blood supply/metabolism (1)
- Biological Clocks/physiology (1)
- Brain/anatomy & histology/blood supply/*physiology (1)
- Brain/*blood supply/metabolism (1)
- Brain Mapping/methods (1)
- Cerebrovascular Circulation/*physiology (1)
- Cognition/*physiology (1)
- Electroencephalography/methods (1)
- *Erotica (1)
- Evoked Potentials/*physiology (1)
- Female (2)
- Hemodynamics/physiology (1)
- Hippocampus/blood supply/metabolism (1)
- Humans (2)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods (1)
- Male (2)
- Mathematics (1)
- Nerve Net/anatomy & histology/physiology (1)
- Neural Pathways/anatomy & histology/*physiology (1)
- Neuropsychological Tests (1)
- Occipital Lobe/blood supply/metabolism (1)
- Personality (1)
- Personality Inventory (1)
- *Photic Stimulation (1)
- Problem Solving/physiology (1)
- Reward (1)
- Sexual Behavior/physiology (1)
- Thalamus/blood supply/metabolism (1)
- *Theta Rhythm (1)
- Thinking/physiology (1)
- Time Factors (1)