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The present paper investigates the effects of age, sex, and cognitive factors on temporal-order perception. Nine temporal-order tasks were employed using two and four stimuli presented in the auditory and visual modalities. Significantly increased temporal-order thresholds (TOT) in the elderly were found for almost all tasks, while sex differences were only observed for two tasks. Multiple regression analyses show that the performance on most temporal-order tasks can be predicted by cognitive factors, such as speed of fluid reasoning, short-term memory, and attention. However, age was a significant predictor of TOT in three tasks using visual stimuli. We conclude (1) that age-related differences can often be attributed to cognitive factors involved in temporal-order perception, and (2) that the concept of temporal-order perception is more complex than implied by the current models.
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Analyses of neural mechanisms of duration processing are essential for the understanding of psychological phenomena which evolve in time. Different mechanisms are presumably responsible for the processing of shorter (below 500 ms) and longer (above 500 ms) events but have not yet been a subject of an investigation with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In the present study, we show a greater involvement of several brain regions - including right-hemispheric midline structures and left-hemispheric lateral regions - in the processing of visual stimuli of shorter as compared to longer duration. We propose a greater involvement of lower-level cognitive mechanisms in the processing of shorter events as opposed to higher-level mechanisms of cognitive control involved in longer events.
Erkunden
Team
- Wittmann (2)
Eintragsart
Sprache
- Englisch (2)
Thema
- Young Adult
- Acoustic Stimulation (1)
- Adult (2)
- Aged (1)
- Aged, 80 and over (1)
- Aging/*psychology (1)
- Analysis of Variance (1)
- Brain Mapping (1)
- Brain/*physiology (1)
- *Cognition (1)
- Cognition/physiology (1)
- Discrimination, Psychological/*physiology (1)
- Female (2)
- Humans (2)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1)
- Male (2)
- Middle Aged (1)
- Neuropsychological Tests (1)
- Photic Stimulation (2)
- Regression Analysis (1)
- *Sex Characteristics (1)
- Time Factors (1)
- *Time Perception (1)
- Time Perception/*physiology (1)
- Visual Perception/*physiology (1)