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"D, Vaitl"

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Abstracts

Bauer, E., & Fach, W. (2020). Beratungspsychologie am IGPP. In D. Vaitl (Ed.), An den Grenzen unseres Wissens. Von der Faszination des Paranormalen (pp. 393–419). Herder.
Fach, W., & E, B. (2020). Beratungspsychologische Begleitforschung. In D. Vaitl (Ed.), Von der Faszination des Paranormalen (pp. 420–433). Herder.
Bauer, E., & Fach, W. (2020). Beratungspsychologie am IGPP. In D. Vaitl (Ed.), An den Grenzen unseres Wissens: Von der Faszination des Paranormalen (pp. 393–419). Herder.
Fach, W., & Bauer, E. (2020). Beratungspsychologische Begleitforschung. In D. Vaitl (Ed.), An den Grenzen unseres Wissens: Von der Faszination des Paranormalen (pp. 420–433). Herder.
Saborowski, R., Vaitl, D., & Stark, R. (2002). Perception of posture and cerebral blood flow. International Journal of Psychophysiology: Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology, 43(2), 167–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8760(01)00169-6

The perception of posture in man is made possible by the information of the vestibular organs, the visual system, the proprioception and the blood volume distribution. The present study examined the cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) and the fluid volume of the thoracic cavity under different pressure conditions and their effects on the perception of posture. Changes in blood flow velocity were measured by transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD), and changes in the blood volume distribution of the upper torso were registered by impedance plethysmography. The results indicated that the cerebral blood flow volume and the thoracic blood volume changed in the same manner. Lower Body Positive Pressure (+30 mmHg) led to an increase in central volume and CBFV. During the Lower Body Negative Pressure Treatment (-30 mmHg), the central blood volume and the cerebral blood flow velocity decreased while venous pooling occurred. Additionally, the changes in both parameters were associated with an altered posture perception. The correlations between the SHP and the two physiological parameters cerebral blood flow velocity and fluid shift in the upper thorax indicate that the fluid shift in the thoracic cavity was more closely related to the SHP than to the changes in cerebral blood volume.
Schienle, A., Stark, R., & Vaitl, D. (1999). [EEG-changes caused by spherics]. Fortschritte Der Medizin, 117(1–2), 41–42.
Schienle, A., Stark, R., & Vaitl, D. (1999). Electrocortical responses of headache patients to the simulation of 10 kHz sferics. The International Journal of Neuroscience, 97(3–4), 211–224. https://doi.org/10.3109/00207459909000661

Many headache patients believe that weather changes act as pain triggers. Therefore, the present study investigated the psychophysiological influence of an indicator of atmospheric instability, Very Low Frequency (VLF)-sferics, on 32 subjectively weather-sensitive women suffering from migraine attacks and/or tension-type headaches. It was analyzed if sferics exposure is able to induce electrocortical changes as well as headache symptoms. The subjects, who had been divided into two groups, participated in a sferics simulation study. The experimental group (n = 16) underwent a ten-minute exposure to 10kHz-sferics impulses followed by 20 minutes without treatment in order to examine possible prolonged sferics effects. The control group (n = 16) received no treatment. As dependent measures, EEG spectral power was compared between the two groups at six electrode sites (F3/F4; P3/P4; O1/O2). Sferics exposure provoked increases in absolute alpha and beta power during the treatment. The alpha power enhancement was still present at parietal sites at the end of registration (20 minutes after the end of exposure). The stimulation did not induce headache symptoms.
Schienle, A., Vaitl, D., & Stark, R. (1996). Covariation bias and paranormal belief. Psychological Reports, 78(1), 291–305. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1996.78.1.291

22 believers and 20 skeptics of extrasensory perception (ESP) participated in a telepathy experiment. Subjects were asked to judge the covariation between transmitted symbols and the corresponding feedback given by a receiver. Believers overestimated the number of successful transmissions ('hits'). Skeptics were characterized by accurate hit judgments. For believers, positive correlations between hit-responses, their heart rates, and their experienced arousal were found. In addition, subjective arousal was positively associated with the hit estimates given at the end of the experiment. This response pattern was absent in the group of skeptics. It is concluded that covariation bias as a psychophysiological concept plays an important role in the maintenance of paranormal belief.
Schienle, A., Stark, R., & Vaitl, D. (2001). Sferics Provoke Changes in EEG Power. International Journal of Neuroscience, 107(1–2), 87–102. https://doi.org/10.3109/00207450109149759

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Vaitl, D., Mittelstaedt, H., & Baisch, F. (1997). Shifts in blood volume alter the perception of posture. International Journal of Psychophysiology: Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology, 27(2), 99–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8760(97)00053-6

Recent experiments have shown that somatic graviceptors exist in humans. Traditionally, extravestibular gravity information has been thought to originate from mechanoreceptors in the joints, muscles and skin. Experiments with normal, paraplegic and nephrectomized subjects revealed that the kidneys and the cardiovascular system are involved in providing truncal gravity information. The present study intends to determine the influence of shifts in body fluid, especially of the distribution of blood along the subjects' spinal (Z-) axis, on the perception of posture. To this end, the distribution of body fluids was altered by means of the technique of lower body negative and positive pressure (LBNP and LBPP). LBNP leads to venous pooling of blood in the legs, whereas LBPP prevents venous blood from pooling, increasing central volume. Changes in blood distribution were measured by segmental impedance cardiography for four body segments: the upper torso (thoracic cavity), lower torso (abdominal and pelvic region), thigh and calf. Seventeen healthy subjects (mean age: 27.3 years) participated in the experiment. They were positioned on the side (right-ear-down head position) on a tilt table which the subjects and the experimenter could tilt via remote control around an axis parallel to the subjects' visual (X-) axis. The experimenter set the initial tilt in total darkness to arbitrary angles while strictly alternating between head-up and head-down tilts. Subjects were then asked to rotate the board until they felt they were in a horizontal posture. Means and variances of eight pairs of settings were taken as a measure of the subjective horizontal posture (SHP). During LBNP (-30 mmHg), subjects perceived being tilted head-up, whereas LBPP (+30 mmHg) led them to feel tilted head-down. The results corroborate the hypothesis of an effect of the blood's mass on graviception and also indicate supplementary contributions of other visceral afferences.
Walter, B., Vaitl, D., & Frank, R. (1998). Affective distress in fibromyalgia syndrome is associated with pain severity. Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie, 57 Suppl 2, 101–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003930050247

OBJECTIVE: Comparison of low back pain (LBP) patients with and without fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) with regard to affective distress. METHODS: Patients with LBP who had been admitted to various clinics in Germany were examined upon admission. Comparisons were done by dividing the patients into groups with and without signs of FMS. Additionally, both groups were compared after being matched according to sex, age, and pain severity. RESULTS: 15 out of 135 LBP patients met the American College of Rheumatology criteria for fibromyalgia. Patients with FMS showed remarkably higher levels of pain severity and affective distress. After controlling for different levels of pain severity, these pronounced differences disappeared. CONCLUSION: Affective distress is not a unique feature of FMS, but seem to be caused entirely by higher levels of pain severity.
Vaitl, D., Knapp, T. W., & Birbaumer, N. (1985). Psychophysiologische Merkmale klinischer Symptome: Band 1: Psychophysiologische Dysfunktionen. Beltz.
Vaitl, D. (2007). Wenn das Gehirn zerfällt—Neurobiologische Grundlagen veränderter Bewusstseinszustände. In S. Matthiesen & R. Rosenzweig (Eds.), Von Sinnen. Traum und Trance, Rausch und Rage aus Sicht der Hirnforschung (pp. 43–66). mentis.
Vaitl, D., & Hamm, A. O. (1998). Assoziationslernen: Klassisches Konditionieren. In F. Rösler (Ed.), Ergebnisse und Anwendungen der Psychophysiologie. Enzyklopädie der Psychologie, Themenbereich C, Theorie und Forschung, Serie I, Biologische Psychologie: Vol. Band 5 (pp. 47–94). Hogrefe.
Vaitl, D. (2001). Latente Inhibition: Grundlagen und klinische Aspekte. In R. Dohrenbusch & F. Kaspers (Eds.), Fortschritte der Klinischen Psychologie und Verhaltensmedizin (pp. 63–85).
Bauer, E., & Vaitl, D. (2006). Vorwort. In F.-R. Hausmann (Ed.), Hans Bender (1907–1991) und das „Institut für Psychologie und klinische Psychologie“ an der Reichsuniversität Straßburg 1941–1944 (pp. 7–9). Ergon.
Mayer, G., Schetsche, M., Schmied-Knittel, & Vaitl, D. (Eds.). (2015). An den Grenzen der Erkenntnis. Handbuch der wissenschaftlichen Anomalistik. Handbuch der wissenschaftlichen Anomalistik. Schattauer Verlag.
Ferstl, R., Rey, E.-R., & Vaitl, D. (1985). Psychophysiologische Merkmale klinischer Symptome: Band 2: Depression und Schizophrenie. Beltz.
Hamm, A. O., Vaitl, D., & Lang, P. J. (1989). Fear conditioning, meaning, and belongingness: a selective association analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 98(4), 395–406. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-843x.98.4.395

Twenty-three subjects rated the belongingness of pairs of conditionable (photographic slides) and unconditioned (e.g., shock, tone, human scream) stimuli. Forty new subjects were then classically conditioned, using rating-defined high (angry face/scream) and low (landscape/scream) belongingness pairs. Finger-pulse responses to the high-belongingness pairs showed superior acquisition and resistance to extinction. Another 40 subjects were conditioned to compound stimuli: a slide (either landscape or angry face) that was the same over trials, and a yellow or blue background that was the discriminant cue for the unconditioned stimulus (scream). When the angry face (the high-belongingness slide) was the invariant part of the compound, relatively poorer differential pulse-volume and skin-conductance conditioning was observed. Thus, depending on the task, a priori belongingness rendered stimuli selectively conditionable, either enhancing or inhibiting visceral response associations.
Mayer, G., Schetsche, M., Schmied-Knittel, I., & D, V. (2015). Wissenschaftliche Anomalistik: eine Einführung. In G. Mayer, M. Schetsche, I. Schmied-Knittel, & D. Vaitl (Eds.), An den Grenzen der Erkenntnis. Handbuch der wissenschaftlichen Anomalistik (pp. 1–11). Schattauer Verlag.

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