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Atmanspacher, H., & Fach, W. (2007). Acategoriality as mental instability. A dynamical system approach to James‘s account of mental activity. In S. Franzese & F. Krämer (Eds.), Fringes of religious experience: Cross-perspectives on William James‘s „The varieties of religious experience“ (pp. 39–68). Ontos.

Vaitl, D., Gruppe, H., Stark, R., & Pössel, P. (1996). Simulated micro-gravity and cortical inhibition: a study of the hemodynamic-brain interaction. Biological Psychology, 42(1–2), 87–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-0511(95)05148-1

The present study was carried out to determine the inhibitory cortical processes induced by changes in hemodynamics. Previous experiments in humans conducted in our laboratory have shown that there is a close relationship between posture and delta and theta EEG activity. The most pronounced effects were obtained during the 6 degrees head-down tilt (HDT) position. In space medicine the HDT procedure is very frequently employed to simulate micro-gravity and to determine the neurohormonal counter-regulations evoked by the expansion of central volume. Twenty male subjects spent 23 h in bed in 6 degrees HDT and 23 h in 6 degrees HUT (head-up tilt) positions during which EEG (frontal, central, parietal, occipital), startle responses, and reaction-times were measured every 2 h (from 10:00 h till 20:00 h). The effects of cardiovascular deconditioning (CD) regularly occurring after HDT were assessed by examining orthostatic tolerance and the physical work capacity (bicycle ergometry). As expected, 23 h HDT led to more pronounced CD than HUT. Spectral power analyses of EEG revealed increases in delta and theta frequency hands similar to those found during HDT in previous EEG studies. In addition, subjects responded more slowly (S1-S2 reaction-time task) during HDT as compared with HUT bedrest. The influence of HDT on startle response, however, was not in keeping with the initial hypothesis (i.e. dampening of reflex activity). The EEG data and the sensorimotor performance indicated that the body fluid shift towards the thoracic cavity induced by HDT resulted in signs of cortical inhibition. In addition to neural mechanisms, other processes must be postulated which are closely related to the counter-regulation evoked by the varying body positions.

Vaitl, D., Lipp, O., Lachnit, H., & Kuhmann, W. (1987). [Are body position-induced changes in heart rate conditionable?]. Archiv Fur Psychologie, 139(1), 55–63.

Bauer, E., Kornwachs, K., & Lucadou, W. v. (1981). Vom Widerstand gegen das Paranormale. In H.-P. Duerr (Ed.), Der Wissenschaftler und das Irrationale (Vol. 2, pp. 353–370). Syndikat.

Schmied-Knittel, I. (2010). Das Wesen des Satanismus. In H. R. Yousefi, H. Waldenfels, & W. Gantke (Eds.), Wege zur Religion. Aspekte – Grundprobleme – Ergänzende Perspektiven (pp. 347–365).

Fach, W., Atmanspacher, H., Landolt, K., Wyss, T. A., & Rössler, W. (2013). A comparative study of exceptional experiences of clients seeking advice and of subjects in an ordinary population. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00065

Atmanspacher, H., & Fach, W. (2015). Mind-matter correlations in dual-aspect monism according to Pauli and Jung. In E. F. Kelly, A. Crabtree, & P. Marshall (Eds.), Beyond physicalism: Toward reconciliation of science and spirituality (pp. 195–226). Rowman & Littlefield.

Ott, U. (2007). Neurowissenschaftliche Forschung zur Achtsamkeitsmeditation: Mentales Training, Gesundheit und – Oops! – Nirvana? In W. Belschner, A. Büssing, H. Piron, & D. Wienand-Kranz (Eds.), Achtsamkeit als Lebensform (Reihe Psychologie des Bewusstseins: Vol. Band 6 (pp. 19–33). LIT Verlag.

Bauer, E. (2019). Heino Gehrts, Fanny Moser und der „Fall Kornitzky“. In H. F. Gehrts & H. (Eds.), Schriften zur Märchen-, Mythen- und Sagenforschung, Gesammelte Aufsätze 7 (pp. 6–28). Igel Verlag.

Schetsche, M., & Schmied-Knittel, I. (2018). Wissenssoziologische Drogenforschung. In R. Feustel, H. Schmidt-Semisch, & U. Bröckling (Eds.), Handbuch Drogen in kulturwissenschaftlicher und soziologischer Perspektive (pp. 279–292). Springer VS.

Ott, U., Hölzel, B. K., & Vaitl, D. (2011). Brain structure and meditation: How spiritual practice shapes the brain. In H. Walach, S. Schmidt, & W. B. Jonas (Eds.), Neuroscience, consciousness and spirituality (pp. 119–128). Springer.

Anton, A., Schmied-Knittel, I., & Schetsche, M. (2017). Ausgeblendet. „Okkulte“ Wissens- und Erfahrungsbestände in der DDR. In H. Haag, P. Heß, & N. Leonhard (Eds.), Volkseigenes Erinnern. Die DDR im sozialen Gedächtnis (pp. 181–203). Springer VS.

Schmied-Knittel, I., Anton, A., & Schetsche, M. (2020). Wider den (Aber-)Glauben. Die Durchsetzung der wissenschaftlichen Weltanschauung in der DDR. In B. Schnettler, T. Szydlik, & H. Pach (Eds.), Religiöse Kommunikation und weltanschauliches Wissen. Kommunikative Konstruktionen unabweisbarer Gewissheiten und ihre gesellschaftlichen Wirkungen (pp. 103–126). Springer VS.

Frank, R., Rzepka, U., & Vaitl, D. (1996). Auswirkungen von Psychotherapie-Supervision auf die Entwicklung von Psychotherapeuten. In H. Bents, R. Frank, & E.-R. Rey (Eds.), Erfolg und Mißerfolg in der Psychotherapie (pp. 218–239).

Anton, A., Schmied-Knittel, I., & Schetsche, M. (2017). Ausgeblendet. ‚Okkulte‘ Wissens- und Erfahrungsbestände in der DDR. In H. Haag, P. Heß, & N. Leonhard (Eds.), Volkseigenes Erinnern. Die DDR im sozialen Gedächtnis (pp. 181–203). Springer VS.

Kreutz, G., Ott, U., & Vaitl, D. (2006). Spezifität des emotionalen Ausdrucks klassischer Musikstücke: Ergebnisse einer Befragung von Musikstudenten. In K.-E. Behne, G. Kleinen, & H. Motte-Haber (Eds.), Musikpsychologie. Inter- und Multimodale Wahrnehmung (pp. 104–124). Hogrefe.

Stippekohl, B., Walter, B., Winkler, M. H., Mucha, R. F., Pauli, P., Vaitl, D., & Stark, R. (2012). An early attentional bias to BEGIN-stimuli of the smoking ritual is accompanied with mesocorticolimbic deactivations in smokers. Psychopharmacology, 222(4), 593–607. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-012-2670-8

RATIONALE: Biased processing of drug-associated stimuli is believed to be a crucial feature of addiction. Particularly, an attentional bias seems to contribute to the disorder's maintenance. Recent studies suggest differential effects for stimuli associated with the beginning (BEGIN-smoking-stimuli) or the terminal stage of the smoking ritual (END-smoking-stimuli), with the former but not the later evoking high cue-reactivity. OBJECTIVE: The current study investigated the neuronal network underlying an attentional bias to BEGIN-smoking-stimuli and END-smoking-stimuli in smokers and tested the hypothesis that the attentional bias is greater for BEGIN-smoking-stimuli. METHODS: Sixteen non-deprived smokers and 16 non-smoking controls participated in an fMRI study. Drug pictures (BEGIN-smoking-stimuli, END-smoking-stimuli) and control pictures were overlaid with geometrical figures and presented for 300 ms. Subjects had to identify picture content (identification-task) or figure orientation (distraction-task). The distraction-task was intended to demonstrate attentional bias. RESULTS: Behavioral data revealed an attentional bias to BEGIN-smoking-stimuli but not to END-smoking-stimuli in both groups. However, only smokers showed mesocorticolimbic deactivations in the distraction-task with BEGIN-smoking-stimuli. Importantly, these deactivations were significantly stronger for BEGIN- than for END-smoking-stimuli and correlated with the attentional bias score. CONCLUSIONS: Several explanations may account for missing group differences in behavioral data. Brain data suggest smokers using regulatory strategies in response to BEGIN-smoking-stimuli to prevent the elicitation of motivational responses interfering with distraction-task performance. These strategies could be reflected in the observed deactivations and might lead to a performance level in smokers that is similar to that of non-smokers.

Kreutz, G., Ott, U., & Vaitl, D. (2006). Spezifität des emotionalen Ausdrucks klassischer Musikstücke: Ergebnisse einer Befragung von Musikstudenten. In K.-E. Behne, G. Kleinen, & H. de la Motte-Haber (Eds.), Musikpsychologie. Jahrbuch der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Musikpsychologie (Vol. 18, pp. 104–124). Hogrefe. https://psycharchives.org/en/item/c0f25551-b663-4b73-8a66-e102ea97f4f3

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Belz-Merk, M., Bauer, E., Fach, W., & Wiedemer, A. (1999). Beratung und Hilfe für Menschen mit außergewöhnlichen Erfahrungen. In G. Krampen, H. Zayer, W. Schönpflug, & G. Richardt (Eds.), Beiträge zur Angewandten Psychologie (pp. 612–615). Deutscher Psychologen Verlag.

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