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Ergebnisse 35 Einträge
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Religionen sind evolutionäre, aufgrund bestimmter Funktionalitäten selektierte soziale und kulturelle Phänomene. Sie imponieren heutzutage als kulturtragende Glaubens- und Normsysteme wie auch gesellschaftliche Institutionen. Nicht erst in neuester Zeit werden Ursprung und Wirkkraft von Religionen auf ein Spektrum subjektiver Erlebnisphänomene (religiöse Erfahrungen) zurückgeführt. Religiöse Erfahrungen sind vielfältig und weit verbreitet. Das im Kern am meisten konsistente und interkulturell übereinstimmende religiöse Erlebnis ist das mystische Erlebnis (Unio mystica). Nur diese Form religiöser Erfahrung (und die Gebetserfahrung) wurden bisher neurobiologisch genauer untersucht. Zur Erzeugung wie auch Erforschung mystischer Erlebnisse ist eine Reihe von Methoden anwendbar. Dieser Artikel gibt eine Übersicht zu den bedeutendsten Forschungsansätzen und Hypothesen. Einige empirische Ergebnisse liefern interessante Ansätze für Hypothesenbildungen zur neurobiologischen Erklärung religiöser Erfahrungen. Die neurobiologischen Ergebnisse bzw. Hypothesen sind in vielem aber noch inkonsistent und vorläufig. Ein interessantes Ergebnis dieser Übersicht ist die Erkenntnis, dass es eine ganze Reihe neurophysiologisch unterschiedlicher Bedingungsgefüge gibt, aus denen religiöse Erfahrungen mit ähnlichem Erlebnischarakter resultieren können.
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In meditation, mind-wandering has to be noticed and stopped in order to attain and sustain a state of mindfulness. Mindwandering has been linked to increased activity in the default mode network (DMN). We found that hemodynamic activity in the DMN was inversely related to frontal midline theta (FMT) EEG activity. In addition, a recent study reported that FMT power was reduced during mind-wandering and increased during deep meditation. In our experiment, six subjects were introduced to two forms of meditation to be used during neurofeedback training in eight daily sessions during two weeks. FMT power was chosen for neurofeedback, while subjects applied these meditation techniques and individual strategies to increase FMT power. Each session was followed by a detailed interview. Four subjects were able to raise average FMT power over the course of the training, two of them significantly. We report and discuss the results of the neurophenomenological analysis of the relationship between meditation strategies, subjective experiences, and success of neurofeedback training.
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fMRI studies have shown that the perception of facial disgust expressions specifically activates the insula. The present fMRI study investigated whether this structure is also involved in the processing of visual stimuli depicting non-mimic disgust elicitors compared to fear-inducing and neutral scenes. Twelve female subjects were scanned while viewing alternating blocks of 40 disgust-inducing, 40 fear-inducing and 40 affectively neutral pictures, shown for 1.5 s each. Afterwards, affective ratings were assessed. The disgust pictures, rated as highly repulsive, induced activation in the insula, the amygdala, the orbitofrontal and occipito-temporal cortex. Since during the fear condition the insula was also involved, our findings do not fit the idea of the insula as a specific disgust processor.
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fMRI studies have shown that the perception of facial disgust expressions specifically activates the insula. The present fMRI study investigated whether this structure is also involved in the processing of visual stimuli depicting non-mimic disgust elicitors compared to fear-inducing and neutral scenes. Twelve female subjects were scanned while viewing alternating blocks of 40 disgust-inducing, 40 fear-inducing and 40 affectively neutral pictures, shown for 1.5 s each. Afterwards, affective ratings were assessed. The disgust pictures, rated as highly repulsive, induced activation in the insula, the amygdala, the orbitofrontal and occipito-temporal cortex. Since during the fear condition the insula was also involved, our findings do not fit the idea of the insula as a specific disgust processor.
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Eintragsart
- Buchteil (29)
- Zeitschriftenartikel (6)
Thema
- Adult (2)
- Amygdala (2)
- Bildgebung (1)
- Cerebral Cortex (2)
- Ecstasy (1)
- Ekstase (1)
- Emotions (2)
- Facial Expression (2)
- Fear (2)
- Female (2)
- Frontal Lobe (2)
- Humans (2)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2)
- Meditation (1)
- Neurobiologie (1)
- Neurobiology (1)
- neuroimaging (1)
- Neurophysiologie (1)
- Neurophysiology (1)
- neuroplasticity (1)
- Neuroplastizität (1)
- Occipital Lobe (2)
- Pattern Recognition, Visual (2)
- Religion (1)
- Religiöse Erfahrungen (1)
- Religious experience (1)
- Selbstregulation (1)
- self-regulation (1)
- Temporal Lobe (2)
- Training (1)
- training (1)
- Visual Perception (2)