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Zusammenfassung Es werden aktuelle Trends in der Meditationsforschung skizziert, die sich von allgemeinpsychologischen und klinischen Themen ausgehend in Richtung transpersonaler, insbesondere mystischer Erfahrungen entwickelt. Hier bietet sich für die Transpersonale Psychologie ein Forschungsfeld, in dem sie mit Hilfe neurowissenschaftlicher Modelle und Befunde ihrem Gegenstandsbereich mehr Akzeptanz in der akademischen Welt verschaffen kann. Die Realisierung dieser Chance ist in hohem Maße davon abhängig, dass ein offener und konstruktiver Dialog zwischen Wissenschaftlern und spirituellen Praktikern zustande kommt. Initiativen in dieser Richtung werden vorgestellt und der Nutzen erörtert, den eine derartige Zusammenarbeit für alle Beteiligten haben könnte.
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Medytacja - odkryj naukowo udowodnione korzyści płynące z ćwiczeń medytacyjnych i oddechowych! Medytacja oddechu, mindfulness i inne
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La pratica secolare della meditazione gode ancora oggi di ottima salute, nonostante gli scettici e i critici. Oggi sappiamo che il motivo di questo successo ha fondamenti scientifici: la meditazione ha effetti persistenti su importanti aree cerebrali. Ciò significa che meditare è a tutti gli...
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Die neurowissenschaftliche Forschung beschäftigt sich in den letzten Jahren verstärkt mit Methoden der Achtsamkeitsmeditation, die in zahlreiche klinische Behandlungsprogramme integriert wurden. Nach einer kurzen Vorstellung der Magnetresonanztomographie und der Programme mit der weitesten Verbreitung (Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction und Mindfulness- based Cognitive Therapy) werden vier Mechanismen erläutert, die vermutlich deren therapeutischer Wirksamkeit zugrunde liegen: Regulation der Aufmerksamkeit, Gewahrsein des Körpers, Emotionsregulation und veränderte Selbstwahrnehmung. Anhand einer exemplarischen Studie mit Angstpatienten wird gezeigt, wie durch Achtsamkeit die Symptome reduziert und parallel dazu spezifische neuronale Regelkreise modifiziert werden. Im Ausblick wird diskutiert, wie maßgeschneiderte Interventionen entwickelt werden können und welche Kontraindikationen zu beachten sind.
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Research on meditation is advancing, but few studies about the motivations of meditators exist. Additionally, many forms and traditions of meditation have yet to be investigated. This study addresses both of these issues by presenting an overview of different forms of motivations found in contemporary Anthroposophic meditation practice. 30 Anthroposophic meditators were interviewed about their meditation experiences. The interviews were examined using thematic analysis. 14 data-driven themes were extracted and organized within a framework consisting of three superordinate theory-driven forms of motivation: External, internal and service. A developmental trajectory running from external and internal to service motivations is indicated. This approach improves upon a scheme developed by Shapiro by including additional types of motivations and being able to differentiate between forms of motivations that are fundamentally different: Self-related (heteronomous and autonomous) motivations and other-related motivations.
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Protestantism has always been suspicious about a mystical encounter with the Divine. Although the early Luther was influenced by mystical writers like Johannes Tauler the subsequent dogmatic evaluation of mystical forms of religiosity remained ambiguous. Nevertheless the real nature of mystical experience is still unclear and therefore the dogmatic judgments about mystical encounters with the Divine are based on unsound arguments like self-salvation. In this article we want to show that modern neuroscience can help to understand the nature of mystical experiences better and based on this we come to a new dogmatic appreciation of mysticism.
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Meditation experiences evolve along a spectrum, ranging from an effortful struggle with the technique to deep transpersonal states where all dualities dissolve. The present study investigated to what extent the depth of meditation is influenced by the amount of meditation practice and the personality trait of absorption, and whether deep experiences influence the mindfulness of meditators in everyday life. A set of questionnaires (Meditation Depth Questionnaire, Tellegen Absorption Scale, and Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory) was distributed to meditators (N = 251) practicing different techniques. A structural equation modeling analysis revealed that absorption exerted a stronger influence on meditation depth (path coefficient: .48) than the amount of meditation practice (path coefficient: .21). Mindfulness was strongly influenced by meditation depth (path coefficient: .42) and moderately by absorption (path coefficient: .21). These complex relations between practice, personality, meditation experiences, and everyday behavior should be considered in future research on transpersonal states induced by meditation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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