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This study investigated differences in brain activation during meditation between meditators and non-meditators. Fifteen Vipassana meditators (mean practice: 7.9 years, 2h daily) and fifteen non-meditators, matched for sex, age, education, and handedness, participated in a block-design fMRI study that included mindfulness of breathing and mental arithmetic conditions. For the meditation condition (contrasted to arithmetic), meditators showed stronger activations in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex and the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex bilaterally, compared to controls. Greater rostral anterior cingulate cortex activation in meditators may reflect stronger processing of distracting events. The increased activation in the medial prefrontal cortex may reflect that meditators are stronger engaged in emotional processing.
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The majority of neuroimaging studies on affective processing have indicated that there are specific brain structures, which are selectively responsive to fear and disgust. Whereas the amygdala is assumed to be fear-related, the insular cortex is most likely involved in disgust processing. Since these findings are mainly a result of studies focusing exclusively either on fear, or on disgust, but rarely on both emotions together, the present experiment explored the neural effects of viewing disgusting and fear-inducing pictures in contrast to neutral pictures. This was done by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with 19 subjects (nine males, ten females), who also gave affective ratings for the presented pictures. The fear and the disgust pictures were able to induce the target emotions and they received comparable valence and arousal ratings. The processing of both aversive picture types was associated with an increased brain activation in the occipital-temporal lobe, in the prefrontal cortex, and in the thalamus. The amygdala was significantly activated by disgusting, but not by fear-inducing, pictures. Thus, our data are in contrast with the idea of highly emotion-specific brain structures and rather suggest the existence of a common affective circuit.
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Sprache
- Englisch (2)
Thema
- Oxygen/blood
- Adult (2)
- *Brain Mapping (1)
- Brain/physiology (1)
- Case-Control Studies (1)
- Emotions/*physiology (1)
- Fear/*physiology (1)
- Female (2)
- Frontal Lobe/blood supply/*physiology (1)
- Functional Laterality/physiology (1)
- Gyrus Cinguli/blood supply/*physiology (1)
- Hemodynamics/*physiology (1)
- Humans (2)
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted (1)
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods (1)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods (1)
- Male (2)
- Mathematics (1)
- *Meditation (1)
- Mental Processes/*physiology (1)
- Photic Stimulation (1)
- Sex Characteristics (1)