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"Schienle, Anne"

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Fear/*physiology

Ergebnisse 7 Einträge

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Schäfer, A., Schienle, A., & Vaitl, D. (2005). Stimulus type and design influence hemodynamic responses towards visual disgust and fear elicitors. International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology, 57(1), 53–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.01.011

The question to what extent emotion-related brain activation depends upon the presentation design (block design vs. event-related design) and the stimulus type (scene pictures vs. pictures with facial mimic) has hardly been addressed in previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research. In the present fMRI experiment, 40 right-handed subjects viewed pictures with fear-inducing and disgust-inducing content as well as facial expressions of fear and disgust. Pictures of neutral objects and neutral facial mimic were used as control stimuli. The pictures were presented in a block design for half of the subjects; the other half viewed the same stimuli as singular events in randomized sequence. The participants had been instructed to passively view the pictures. Disgust-evoking scenes provoked activation in the amygdala, the insula and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). This applied to the blocked as well as to the event-related design. Fear-relevant scenes were associated with activity in the insula, the OFC and the middle temporal gyri in the event-related design. The presentation in a block design only led to activation in the middle temporal gyri. Facial expressions of disgust and fear did not trigger significant activation neither in the blocked nor event-related design. This surprising outcome may be a result of context and task effects. The face stimuli which were presented together with the more complex scenes in a passive viewing paradigm possibly were not salient enough to trigger emotional processing.
Vaitl, D., Schienle, A., & Stark, R. (2005). Neurobiology of fear and disgust. International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology, 57(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.01.005
Schienle, A., Schäfer, A., Stark, R., Walter, B., & Vaitl, D. (2005). Gender differences in the processing of disgust- and fear-inducing pictures: an fMRI study. Neuroreport, 16(3), 277–280. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-200502280-00015

We examined whether males and females differ in the intensity and laterality of their hemodynamic responses towards visual disgust and fear stimuli. Forty-one female, and 51 male subjects viewed disgust-inducing, fear-inducing and neutral pictures in an fMRI block design. Self-report data indicated that the target emotions had been elicited successfully with women responding stronger than men. While viewing the fear pictures, which depicted attacks by humans or animals, men exhibited greater activation in the bilateral amygdala and the left fusiform gyrus than women. This response pattern may reflect greater attention from males to cues of aggression in their environment. Further, the lateralization of brain activation was comparable in the two genders during both aversive picture conditions.
Schienle, A., Schäfer, A., Stark, R., Walter, B., & Vaitl, D. (2005). Neural responses of OCD patients towards disorder-relevant, generally disgust-inducing and fear-inducing pictures. International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology, 57(1), 69–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.013

This functional magnetic resonance imaging study investigated the disgust- and fear-reactivity of patients suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Ten OCD patients were scanned while viewing blocks of pictures showing OCD triggers from their personal environment and OCD-irrelevant disgust-inducing, fear-inducing and neutral scenes. Afterwards, the patients rated the intensity of the induced disgust, fear and OCD symptoms. The responses were compared with those of 10 healthy control subjects. The disorder-relevant pictures provoked intense OCD symptoms in the clinical group associated with increased activation in the bilateral prefrontal cortex, the left insula, the right supramarginal gyrus, the left caudate nucleus and the right thalamus. The patients gave higher disgust and fear ratings than the controls for all aversive picture categories. Neural responses towards the disorder-irrelevant disgusting and fear-inducing material included more pronounced insula activation in patients than controls. Summarizing, photos of individual OCD-triggers are an effective means of symptom provocation and activation of the fronto-striato-thalamo-parietal network. The increased insular reactivity of OCD patients during all aversive picture conditions might mirror their susceptibility to experience negative somatic states.
Schienle, A., Schäfer, A., Walter, B., Stark, R., & Vaitl, D. (2005). Brain activation of spider phobics towards disorder-relevant, generally disgust- and fear-inducing pictures. Neuroscience Letters, 388(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2005.06.025

The present functional magnetic resonance imaging study investigated the fear and disgust reactivity of patients suffering from spider phobia. Ten phobics and 13 control subjects were scanned while viewing alternating blocks of phobia-relevant, generally fear-inducing, disgust-inducing and affectively neutral pictures. The patient group rated the spider pictures as being more disgust and fear evoking than the control group, and showed greater activation of the visual association cortex, the amygdalae, the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the right hippocampus. Specific phobia-related activation occurred in the supplementary motor area. The patients also showed greater amygdala activation during the presentation of generally disgust- and fear-inducing pictures. This points to an elevated sensitivity to repulsive and threatening stimuli in spider phobics and implicates the amygdala as a crucial neural substrate.
Stark, R., Zimmermann, M., Kagerer, S., Schienle, A., Walter, B., Weygandt, M., & Vaitl, D. (2007). Hemodynamic brain correlates of disgust and fear ratings. NeuroImage, 37(2), 663–673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.05.005

Inconsistent findings from several functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies on fear and disgust raise the question which brain regions are relatively specialized and which are general in the processing of these basic emotions. Some of these inconsistencies could partially be due to inter-individual differences in the experience of the applied emotional stimuli. In the present study, we therefore correlated the participants' individual online reports of fear and disgust with their hemodynamic responses towards each of the fear- and disgust-inducing scenes. Sixty six participants (32 females) took part in the fMRI study. In an event-related design, they saw 50 pictures with different emotional impact (10 neutral, 20 disgust-inducing, 20 fear-inducing). Pictures were presented for 4 s and participants rated each picture online - just after the presentation - on the dimensions disgust and fear among others. The results indicate that the processing of disgust- and fear-inducing pictures involves similar as well as distinct brain regions. Both emotional stimulus categories resulted in activations in the extended occipital cortex, in the prefrontal cortex, and in the amygdala. However, insula activations were only significantly correlated with subjective ratings of disgust, pointing to a specific role of this brain structure in the processing of disgust.
Stark, R., Schienle, A., Walter, B., Kirsch, P., Sammer, G., Ott, U., Blecker, C., & Vaitl, D. (2003). Hemodynamic responses to fear and disgust-inducing pictures: an fMRI study. International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology, 50(3), 225–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8760(03)00169-7

The majority of neuroimaging studies on affective processing have indicated that there are specific brain structures, which are selectively responsive to fear and disgust. Whereas the amygdala is assumed to be fear-related, the insular cortex is most likely involved in disgust processing. Since these findings are mainly a result of studies focusing exclusively either on fear, or on disgust, but rarely on both emotions together, the present experiment explored the neural effects of viewing disgusting and fear-inducing pictures in contrast to neutral pictures. This was done by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with 19 subjects (nine males, ten females), who also gave affective ratings for the presented pictures. The fear and the disgust pictures were able to induce the target emotions and they received comparable valence and arousal ratings. The processing of both aversive picture types was associated with an increased brain activation in the occipital-temporal lobe, in the prefrontal cortex, and in the thalamus. The amygdala was significantly activated by disgusting, but not by fear-inducing, pictures. Thus, our data are in contrast with the idea of highly emotion-specific brain structures and rather suggest the existence of a common affective circuit.

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Last update from database: 11.08.25, 05:41 (UTC)

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