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"Schienle, Anne"

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Surveys and Questionnaires

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Schienle, A., Schäfer, A., & Vaitl, D. (2008). Individual differences in disgust imagery: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuroreport, 19(5), 527–530. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNR.0b013e3282f85e10

Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have examined neural correlates of disgust imagery, but have never taken into account the moderating effects of personality traits. Twenty-four women first viewed and subsequently visualized pictures with disgust-inducing and happiness-inducing content. Relative to the picture perception, disgust, and happiness imagery provoked activation of the insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and parietal cortex. Trait disgust was negatively correlated with localized brain activation (e.g. insula, amygdala, parietal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex) during disgust imagery. This study provides first evidence that disgust propensity is associated with brain activation during imagery of repulsive scenes.
Schienle, A., Schäfer, A., Stark, R., Walter, B., & Vaitl, D. (2005). Neural responses of OCD patients towards disorder-relevant, generally disgust-inducing and fear-inducing pictures. International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology, 57(1), 69–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2004.12.013

This functional magnetic resonance imaging study investigated the disgust- and fear-reactivity of patients suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Ten OCD patients were scanned while viewing blocks of pictures showing OCD triggers from their personal environment and OCD-irrelevant disgust-inducing, fear-inducing and neutral scenes. Afterwards, the patients rated the intensity of the induced disgust, fear and OCD symptoms. The responses were compared with those of 10 healthy control subjects. The disorder-relevant pictures provoked intense OCD symptoms in the clinical group associated with increased activation in the bilateral prefrontal cortex, the left insula, the right supramarginal gyrus, the left caudate nucleus and the right thalamus. The patients gave higher disgust and fear ratings than the controls for all aversive picture categories. Neural responses towards the disorder-irrelevant disgusting and fear-inducing material included more pronounced insula activation in patients than controls. Summarizing, photos of individual OCD-triggers are an effective means of symptom provocation and activation of the fronto-striato-thalamo-parietal network. The increased insular reactivity of OCD patients during all aversive picture conditions might mirror their susceptibility to experience negative somatic states.
Stark, R., Schienle, A., Sarlo, M., Palomba, D., Walter, B., & Vaitl, D. (2005). Influences of disgust sensitivity on hemodynamic responses towards a disgust-inducing film clip. International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology, 57(1), 61–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.01.010

The major goal of the present functional magnetic resonance imaging study was to investigate the influence of disgust sensitivity on hemodynamic responses during disgust induction. Fifteen subjects viewed three different film excerpts (duration: 135 s each) with disgust-evoking, threatening and neutral content. The films were presented in a block design with four repetitions of each condition. Afterwards, subjects gave affective ratings for the films and answered the questionnaire for the assessment of disgust sensitivity (QADS, []). The subjects' overall disgust sensitivity was positively related to their experienced disgust, as well as to their prefrontal cortex activation during the disgust condition. Further, there was a positive correlation between subjects' scores on the QADS subscale spoilage/decay and their amygdala activation (r=0.76). This was reasonable since the disgust film clip depicted a cockroach-invasion and the subscale spoilage/decay contains, among others, an item asking for disgust towards cockroaches. The study stresses, in accordance to previous studies, the importance of considering personality traits when studying affective responses in fMRI studies.

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