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Abstracts
  • Sammer, G., Blecker, C., Gebhardt, H., Bischoff, M., Stark, R., Morgen, K., & Vaitl, D. (2007). Relationship between regional hemodynamic activity and simultaneously recorded EEG-theta associated with mental arithmetic-induced workload. Human Brain Mapping, 28(8), 793–803. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20309

    Theta increases with workload and is associated with numerous processes including working memory, problem solving, encoding, or self monitoring. These processes, in turn, involve numerous structures of the brain. However, the relationship between regional brain activity and the occurrence of theta remains unclear. In the present study, simultaneous EEG-fMRI recordings were used to investigate the functional topography of theta. EEG-theta was enhanced by mental arithmetic-induced workload. For the EEG-constrained fMRI analysis, theta-reference time-series were extracted from the EEG, reflecting the strength of theta occurrence during the time course of the experiment. Theta occurrence was mainly associated with activation of the insular cortex, hippocampus, superior temporal areas, cingulate cortex, superior parietal, and frontal areas. Though observation of temporal and insular activation is in accord with the theory that theta specifically reflects encoding processes, the involvement of several other brain regions implies that surface-recorded theta represents comprehensive functional brain states rather than specific processes in the brain. The results provide further evidence for the concept that emergent theta band oscillations represent dynamic functional binding of widely distributed cortical assemblies, essential for cognitive processing. This binding process may form the source of surface-recorded EEG theta.

  • Lorey, B., Naumann, T., Pilgramm, S., Petermann, C., Bischoff, M., Zentgraf, K., Stark, R., Vaitl, D., & Munzert, J. (2014). Neural simulation of actions: effector- versus action-specific motor maps within the human premotor and posterior parietal area? Human Brain Mapping, 35(4), 1212–1225. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22246

    This study addresses the controversy over how motor maps are organized during action simulation by examining whether action simulation states, that is, motor imagery and action observation, run on either effector-specific and/or action-specific motor maps. Subjects had to observe or imagine three types of movements effected by the right hand or the right foot with different action goals. The functional magnetic resonance imaging results showed an action-specific organization within premotor and posterior parietal areas of both hemispheres during action simulation, especially during action observation. There were also less pronounced effector-specific activation sites during both simulation processes. It is concluded that the premotor and parietal areas contain multiple motor maps rather than a single, continuous map of the body. The forms of simulation (observation, imagery), the task contexts (movements related to an object, with usual/unusual effector), and the underlying reason for performing the simulation (rate your subjective success afterwards) lead to the specific use of different representational motor maps within both regions. In our experimental setting, action-specific maps are dominant especially, during action observation, whereas effector-specific maps are recruited to only a lesser degree.

  • Leweke, F., Stark, R., Milch, W., Kurth, R., Schienle, A., Kirsch, P., Stingl, M., Reimer, C., & Vaitl, D. (2004). [Patterns of neuronal activity related to emotional stimulation in alexithymia]. Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, medizinische Psychologie, 54(12), 437–444. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-828350

    In alexithymia a frontal dysfunction is supposed to be a neurobiological correlate. This study focuses on distorted patterns of neuronal activity evoked by emotional stimuli in alexithymics and controls. Out of hospitalised patients with psychosomatic diseases 8 patients with a high score (HA) and 8 with a low one (NA) on the TAS-20 were investigated with fMRI during emotional stimulation which included pictures evoking anxiety and disgust as well as neutral illustrations. As response to negative affect arousing visual stimulation HA in comparison to NA showed a lower activation in the right medial prefrontal cortex and in the right amygdala. The results were significant for the emotion disgust. The results support the existence of a complex central feedback circuit consisting of regions of the prefrontal cortex and limbic structures to process negative affects. Hypothetically a fundamental factor for the emergence of alexithymic traits is an inhibiting process between affect processing (e. g. medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulum) and affect generating structures (e. g. amygdala). Furthermore our findings confirm the hypothesis that alexithymia is a disorder of higher cerebral function.

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