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The present paper investigates the effects of age, sex, and cognitive factors on temporal-order perception. Nine temporal-order tasks were employed using two and four stimuli presented in the auditory and visual modalities. Significantly increased temporal-order thresholds (TOT) in the elderly were found for almost all tasks, while sex differences were only observed for two tasks. Multiple regression analyses show that the performance on most temporal-order tasks can be predicted by cognitive factors, such as speed of fluid reasoning, short-term memory, and attention. However, age was a significant predictor of TOT in three tasks using visual stimuli. We conclude (1) that age-related differences can often be attributed to cognitive factors involved in temporal-order perception, and (2) that the concept of temporal-order perception is more complex than implied by the current models.
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Some authors have suggested separate mechanisms for the processing of temporal intervals above versus below 2-3s. Given that the evidence is mixed, the present experiment was carried out as a critical test of the separate-mechanism hypothesis. Subjects reproduced five standard durations of 1-5s presented in the auditory and visual modalities. The Corsi-block test was used to assess effects of working-memory span on different interval lengths. Greater working-memory span was associated with longer reproductions of intervals of 3-5s. A factor analysis run on mean reproduced intervals revealed one modality-unspecific factor for durations of 1-2s and two modality-specific factors for longer intervals. These results are interpreted as further indications that two different processes underlie temporal reproductions of shorter and longer intervals.
Erkunden
Team
- Wittmann (2)
Eintragsart
Sprache
- Englisch (2)
Thema
- Analysis of Variance
- Acoustic Stimulation (1)
- Acoustic Stimulation/methods (1)
- Adult (2)
- Age Distribution (1)
- Aged (2)
- Aged, 80 and over (2)
- Aging/*psychology (1)
- Auditory Perception/physiology (1)
- *Cognition (1)
- Factor Analysis, Statistical (1)
- Female (2)
- Humans (2)
- Male (2)
- Memory, Short-Term/*physiology (1)
- Mental Processes/*physiology (1)
- Middle Aged (2)
- Photic Stimulation (1)
- Photic Stimulation/methods (1)
- Regression Analysis (1)
- *Sex Characteristics (1)
- Task Performance and Analysis (1)
- *Time Perception (1)
- Time Perception/*physiology (1)
- Visual Perception/physiology (1)
- Young Adult (1)