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Several studies investigating psychophysiological correlates of false memories suggest that psychophysiology may provide incremental information to subjectively reported memory. Based on previous findings in a Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm, we examined three components of event-related EEG potentials of memory in a misleading information paradigm. 39 participants watched a video that included eight randomized details (e.g., the color of an envelope). After a retention interval of one week, four out of eight details were replaced by misleading details in a narrative text. Afterward, EEG was derived during a recognition test. First, we found that the amplitude at parietal electrodes did not differ between true and false memories. Instead, parietal positivity was more pronounced during yes- compared to no-responses, indicating parietal positivity reflects subjectively reported memory. Second, we found more positive frontal amplitudes associated with false compared to true memories in late time windows. Consequently, our findings indicate that false memories differ from true memories with respect to late frontal activation. In conclusion, we assume that parietal positivity reflects subjectively experienced memory, whereas late frontal activation holds incremental information to the subjectively experienced and reported memory.
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The misinformation effect refers to memory impairment that arises after exposure to misleading information (Loftus, 2005, p. 361). The present study focuses on the peripheral psychophysiology of false memories induced in a misleading information paradigm. On the basis of Sokolov's orienting reflex and studies concerning the Concealed Information Test (CIT, Lykken, 1959), the main hypothesis assumes differences between true and false memories in terms of the accompanying autonomic measures. It also is assumed that a cued recall of original information preceding the recollection phase reduces misinformation effects. Seventy-five participants watched a video that included nine randomized details. After a ten-minute retention phase, the subjects read a narrative text. Six out of the nine details were replaced by misleading details. Following this, the participants completed a cued recall task for three of the original items. In a subsequent CIT with truthful answering electrodermal responses, phasic heart rate, respiration, and response behavior were measured. Finally, the level of confidence and source monitoring were assessed. The misinformation effect was replicated with newly developed materials in three recollection tasks. Cued recall had no influence on the misinformation effect. Autonomic measures did not differ between true and false memories in the CIT. Electrodermal responses reflected the subjective importance the participants attributed to details in the source monitoring task. Therefore, electrodermal responses are interpreted as a correlate of subjective remembering in a misinformation paradigm.
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An approach toward detecting hidden knowledge is the Concealed Information Test (CIT). It relies on the memory of crime-relevant information. This study investigated whether its validity is susceptible to memory distortion by misleading information. A misleading information paradigm was employed to distort memory prior to an interrogation with a CIT. Forty-one participants watched a video with specific crime-related information. After a 1-week retention interval, misleading information was introduced. Afterward, a CIT was performed, followed by a threefold memory test. When misleading information was presented, memory performance was reduced, and no physiological response differences between crime-relevant and crime-irrelevant information were found. Without presenting misleading information, physiological responses differed between responses to crime-relevant and crime-irrelevant information. However, responses in all physiological measures also differed between misleading and irrelevant information. The results indicate that the CIT is susceptible to misleading information, which reduces its validity in specific constellations.
Erkunden
Team
- Vaitl (3)
Eintragsart
Sprache
- Englisch (3)
Thema
- Humans
- Adult (2)
- Autonomic measures (1)
- Autonomic Nervous System/*physiology (1)
- *Communication (1)
- concealed information test (1)
- Concealed information test (1)
- *Crime (1)
- Cued recall (1)
- *Cues (1)
- *Deception (2)
- EEG (1)
- Electrocardiography (1)
- Electrodermal activity (1)
- Electroencephalography/methods (1)
- Event-Related Potentials, P300/*physiology (1)
- eyewitness (1)
- false memory (1)
- False memory (2)
- Female (3)
- Fingers/physiology (1)
- forensic anthropology (1)
- forensic science (1)
- Galvanic Skin Response/physiology (1)
- Galvanic Skin Response/*physiology (1)
- Heart Rate/physiology (1)
- Logistic Models (1)
- Male (3)
- memory (1)
- Memory (1)
- Memory/*physiology (2)
- Mental Recall/*physiology (1)
- Misinformation paradigm (2)
- Plethysmography (1)
- Reaction Time/*physiology (1)
- *Repression, Psychology (1)
- Respiratory Rate/physiology (1)
- Young Adult (3)