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We have investigated sleep paralysis (SP) with an online questionnaire. Our sample consisted of 380 participants who experienced at least one SP. In this paper, we present those parts of the investigation that concern the relationship of SP to extraordinary experiences, paranormal beliefs, and absorption. For this purpose, we used a self-developed German questionnaire on SP experiences, a German questionnaire Fragebogen zur Phänomenologie außergewöhnlicher Erfahrungen (PAGE-R-II), to assess the extent to which people with SP have had other extraordinary experiences, a German translation of the Belief in the Supernatural Scale (BitSS), and a German version of the Tellegen Absorption Scale (TAS). Our hypotheses regarding a positive correlation between the frequency of SP and certain forms of extraordinary experiences as well as paranormal/supernatural beliefs and absorption were only partially confirmed. We found an expected significant correlation between the frequency of SP and the expression on the PAGE dimensions “Dissociation” and “Externality”, but not between the frequency and the other two mentioned scales “Coincidence” and “Internality”. 55 % of participants reported having paranormal experiences during SP. This group had highly significant higher mean scores on the three scales PAGE, BitSS and TAS. Furthermore, the exploratory part revealed interesting correlations between the applied scales and specific hallucinatory perceptions and emotions, which leads us to the assumption that two main types of experiencing SP may exist: one mainly connected with typical negative emotions and a more external focus of experience, and another one, which is more likely accompanied also by positive emotions and by more internally experienced perceptions. This assumption requires further investigations.
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Biologie und Naturphilosophie werden gegenwärtig von frischen Denkströmungen belebt, z. B. in der Formulierung der neodarwinistischen Evolutionstheorie, neuer Konzepte und Inter-pretationen der Quantenphysik oder panpsychistischer Ansätze. Es lohnt sich daher, das Werk des bedeutenden Biologen und Philosophen Hans Driesch (1867-1941) aus heutiger Sicht neu zu betrachten. Driesch setzte vor rund 100 Jahren mit seinem ganzheitlichen Lebensverständ-nis entscheidende Impulse, die heute wieder aktuell sind. Seine Pionierleistungen würdigend werden hier verschiedene Aspekte seines Lebens, seiner empirischen Forschungen und philo-sophischen Leitideen beleuchtet. Die Autoren Krall und Nahm sind Biologen, Waldrich ver-fügt über eine breite geisteswissenschaftliche Ausbildung. Zahlreiche Publikationen der Auto-ren zu naturphilosophischen Themen.
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