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Klein, S. D., Kohler, S., Krüerke, D., Templeton, A., Weibel, A., Haraldsson, E., Nahm, M., & Wolf, U. (2018). Erfahrungen am Lebensende: Eine Umfrage bei Ärzten und Pflegenden eines Spitals für anthroposophisch erweiterte Medizin. Complementary Medicine Research, 25(1), 38–44. https://doi.org/10.1159/000478090

Leweke, F., Stark, R., Milch, W., Kurth, R., Schienle, A., Kirsch, P., Stingl, M., Reimer, C., & Vaitl, D. (2004). [Patterns of neuronal activity related to emotional stimulation in alexithymia]. Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, medizinische Psychologie, 54(12), 437–444. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-828350

In alexithymia a frontal dysfunction is supposed to be a neurobiological correlate. This study focuses on distorted patterns of neuronal activity evoked by emotional stimuli in alexithymics and controls. Out of hospitalised patients with psychosomatic diseases 8 patients with a high score (HA) and 8 with a low one (NA) on the TAS-20 were investigated with fMRI during emotional stimulation which included pictures evoking anxiety and disgust as well as neutral illustrations. As response to negative affect arousing visual stimulation HA in comparison to NA showed a lower activation in the right medial prefrontal cortex and in the right amygdala. The results were significant for the emotion disgust. The results support the existence of a complex central feedback circuit consisting of regions of the prefrontal cortex and limbic structures to process negative affects. Hypothetically a fundamental factor for the emergence of alexithymic traits is an inhibiting process between affect processing (e. g. medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulum) and affect generating structures (e. g. amygdala). Furthermore our findings confirm the hypothesis that alexithymia is a disorder of higher cerebral function.

Schienle, A., Stark, R., & Vaitl, D. (1999). [EEG-changes caused by spherics]. Fortschritte Der Medizin, 117(1–2), 41–42.

Vaitl, D. (1991). [Quality of life and aging]. Der Internist, 32(8), 441–446.

Vaitl, D. (1990). [Quality of life in internal medicine. The difficulty, to scientifically assess the quality of life]. Fortschritte Der Medizin, 108(11), 215–217.

George, W., Beckmann, D., & Vaitl, D. (1989). [Current empirical data on conditions in relation to death in the hospital]. Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, Medizinische Psychologie, 39(8), 306–309.

This survey-study represents the psycho-social conditions of death in West-German hospitals as seen from different occupational groups. The test, developed for this task, has been applied in 70 hospitals of different federal states, medical-departments and supporters. It is shown that following factors have an essential influence on the attitudes of people to the needs of the dying patient: amount of medical engineering at ward, time of professional activity and status of the personnel. In sum, the study gives a dark picture of death situation. Most helpers hold that situation inhumane. This is a burden for the helpers themselves. The results of the study tell against the efficiency of actual engagement in dying patients. The author develops some proposals, how the requests of thanatology that were adequat to improve the actual situation, could better be transferred to the practice.

Gheorghiu, V. A., Gehm, T., Vaitl, D., & Hehl, F. J. (1989). [Objective and simulated stimulation: an empirical study of the effect of indirect suggestion on motor behavior]. Archiv Fur Psychologie, 141(2), 127–137.

In an experimental investigation it is demonstrated that motor behavior-in contrast to the opinion forwarded in the literature-is not only elicitable by means of direct persuasion, but also to a great extend by mere indirect suggestion, (feigning of stimuli). A differential investigation of these effects provided evidence that reactions to feigned stimuli are highly person specific and relatively homogenous concerning the respective instruments whereas objective stimuli lead to reactions relatively specific for the respective instrument applied. The findings are interpreted as an analog on to placebo-effects in the area of motor behavior. Their extend may be seen as an argument for a stronger concern with subjective reaction tendencies in this field.

Vaitl, D. (1989). [A mechanical method for changing heart rate and blood pressure]. Archiv Fur Psychologie, 141(1), 49–69.

The investigation of afferent cardiovascular influences upon central nervous processes needs a methodology which allows for independent and systematic manipulation of circulatory processes. By mechanical manipulation of posture (tilt table, orthostasis) and compression of lower body parts (by anti-G-suit) reliable changes in heart rate and blood pressure can be induced. In fourty subjects (study 1) it could be shown that sustained (30 min.) changes in heart rate (e.g. orthostatic tachycardia, decrease of heart rate during compression) and mean arterial blood pressure (increase during orthostasis with and without compression) occur. Although changes in heart rate could be achieved irregardless of whether the venous "pooling" was suppressed by an air- or water-filled pressure suit, the pressor effect did differ quite considerably. In fourty-four subjects (study 2) it could be demonstrated that only by means of an water-filled suit further increases in mean arterial blood pressure could be evoked during orthostasis. Changes in hemodynamic also lead to changes in sympatho-vagal control of cardiac activity. In study 3 (ten subjects) it could be shown, that orthostasis mainly evokes alterations in sympathetic activity whereas lower body compression leads to additional increases of vagal activity and respiratory sinus arrhythmia during orthostasis.

Hamm, A., & Vaitl, D. (1988). [Classical conditioning of autonomic reactions: effects of stimulus content and context]. Zeitschrift Fur Experimentelle Und Angewandte Psychologie, 35(1), 41–73.

Vaitl, D., & Gruppe, H. (1987). [Cardiorespiratory coherence: an attempt to change it carefully]. Zeitschrift Fur Experimentelle Und Angewandte Psychologie, 34(4), 628–648.

Vaitl, D., & Lachnit, H. (1987). [Heart rate and reaction time]. Zeitschrift Fur Experimentelle Und Angewandte Psychologie, 34(1), 120–135.

Vaitl, D., Lipp, O., Lachnit, H., & Kuhmann, W. (1987). [Are body position-induced changes in heart rate conditionable?]. Archiv Fur Psychologie, 139(1), 55–63.

Hamm, A., & Vaitl, D. (1985). [Belonging: the operationalization of a new concept of learning theory]. Archiv Fur Psychologie, 137(1), 13–27.

Vaitl, D. (1984). ["One need not be a fakir or guru." Biofeedback as an interdisciplinary research technic]. Fortschritte Der Medizin, 102(19), 541–544.

With the technique of biofeedback it has become possible for humans to enter into a direct and objective dialogue with their body functions. By this method one can, for example, try to reduce muscle tension, increase peripheral blood flow or influence cortical activity. It has been clinically applied in neuromuscular rehabilitation, as an adjunct therapy of cardiovascular disorders such as cardiac arrhythmias and hypertension, in the treatment of headache and epileptic seizures as well as for bodily relaxation.

Vaitl, D. (1975). [Biofeedback and learning]. Medizinische Klinik, 70(44), 1763–1769.

Heinemann, C., Sproedt, K. W., Vaitl, D., & Vogt, I. (1974). [Multidimensional phase therapy of drug addicts]. Praxis Der Kinderpsychologie Und Kinderpsychiatrie, 23(8), 292–299.

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