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PURPOSE: The relationship between auditory temporal-order perception and phoneme discrimination has been discussed for several years, based on findings, showing that patients with cerebral damage in the left hemisphere and aphasia, as well as children with specific language impairments, show deficits in temporal-processing and phoneme discrimination. Over the last years several temporal-order measurement procedures and training batteries have been developed. However, there exists no standard diagnostic tool for adults that could be applied to patients with aphasia. Therefore, our study aimed at identifying a feasible, reliable and efficient measurement procedure to test for auditory-temporal processing in healthy young and elderly adults, which in a further step can be applied to patients with aphasia. METHODS: The tasks varied according to adaptive procedures (staircase vs. maximum-likelihood), stimuli (tones vs. clicks) and stimulation modes (binaural- vs. alternating monaural) respectively. A phoneme-discrimination task was also employed to assess the relationship between temporal and language processing. RESULTS: The results show that auditory temporal-order thresholds are stimulus dependent, age related, and influenced by gender. Furthermore, the cited relationship between temporal-order threshold and phoneme discrimination can only be confirmed for measurements with pairs of tones. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate, that different norms have to be established for different gender and age groups. Furthermore, temporal-order measurements with tones seem to be more suitable for clinical intervention studies than measurements with clicks, as they show higher re-test reliabilities, and only for measurements with tones an association with phoneme-discrimination abilities was found.
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Sferics are electromagnetic impulses generated by electrical discharges during thunderstorms (lightning). One category is comprised of very low frequency electromagnetic waves, traveling over distances up to a thousand kilometers. Sferics have been shown to affect biological responses such as pain syndromes, reaction times, and power in the alpha band of the EEG. In the present study, in which 100 subjects took part, sferics have been studied in their relation to performance on a forced-choice extrasensory perception (ESP) task and to several secondary variables. The general finding is a negative correlation between ESP performance and sferics activity around the time of the session, most notably 24-48 hours prior to the session. Secondary variables appear to modulate this correlation, as has been found in previous research on sferics: the correlation tended to be stronger for persons who scored lower on Neuroticism and higher on the Openness scale of a Five-Factor Personality Questionnaire.
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- Discrimination, Psychological
- Acoustic Stimulation/methods (1)
- Adolescent (1)
- Adult (1)
- Aged (2)
- Aging/*physiology (1)
- Auditory Perception/*physiology (1)
- Auditory Threshold/*physiology (1)
- Choice Behavior (1)
- Electromagnetic Phenomena (1)
- Female (2)
- Form Perception (1)
- Humans (2)
- Lightning (1)
- Likelihood Functions (1)
- Male (2)
- Middle Aged (2)
- Parapsychology (1)
- Personality (1)
- Personality Inventory (1)
- Psychophysics/methods (1)
- Reproducibility of Results (1)
- *Sex Characteristics (1)
- Speech Discrimination Tests (1)
- Statistics, Nonparametric (1)
- Task Performance and Analysis (1)
- Time Perception/*physiology (1)