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This study addresses the controversy over how motor maps are organized during action simulation by examining whether action simulation states, that is, motor imagery and action observation, run on either effector-specific and/or action-specific motor maps. Subjects had to observe or imagine three types of movements effected by the right hand or the right foot with different action goals. The functional magnetic resonance imaging results showed an action-specific organization within premotor and posterior parietal areas of both hemispheres during action simulation, especially during action observation. There were also less pronounced effector-specific activation sites during both simulation processes. It is concluded that the premotor and parietal areas contain multiple motor maps rather than a single, continuous map of the body. The forms of simulation (observation, imagery), the task contexts (movements related to an object, with usual/unusual effector), and the underlying reason for performing the simulation (rate your subjective success afterwards) lead to the specific use of different representational motor maps within both regions. In our experimental setting, action-specific maps are dominant especially, during action observation, whereas effector-specific maps are recruited to only a lesser degree.
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Jeannerod (2001) hypothesized that action execution, imagery, and observation are functionally equivalent. This led to the major prediction that these motor states are based on the same action-specific and even effector-specific motor representations. The present study examined whether hand and foot movements are represented in a somatotopic manner during action execution, imagery, and action observation. The experiment contained ten conditions: three execution conditions, three imagery conditions, three observation conditions, and one baseline condition. In the nine experimental conditions, participants had to execute, observe, or imagine right-hand extension/flexion movements or right-foot extension/flexion movements. The fMRI results showed a somatotopic organization within the contralateral premotor and primary motor cortex during motor imagery and motor execution. However, there was no clear somatotopic organization of action observation in the given regions of interest within the contralateral hemisphere, although observation of these movements activated these areas significantly.
Erkunden
Team
Eintragsart
Sprache
- Englisch (2)
Thema
- Foot/physiology
- action mapping (1)
- action observation (1)
- Adult (2)
- Brain Mapping (1)
- Brain Mapping/methods (1)
- Electromyography (1)
- Female (2)
- fMRI (1)
- Frontal Lobe/*physiology (1)
- Functional Laterality (1)
- Goals (1)
- Hand/physiology (2)
- Humans (2)
- *Imagery, Psychotherapy/methods (1)
- Imagination/*physiology (1)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods (1)
- Male (2)
- Motor Activity/*physiology (1)
- Motor Cortex/*physiology (1)
- motor imagery (1)
- motor simulation (1)
- Movement/*physiology (1)
- Neuropsychological Tests (1)
- Parietal Lobe/*physiology (1)
- Photic Stimulation (1)
- Psychomotor Performance/*physiology (1)
- somatotopic mapping (1)
- Visual Perception/*physiology (1)
- Young Adult (1)