Ihre Suche
Ergebnisse 2 Einträge
-
INTRODUCTION: Trait sexual motivation defines a psychological construct that reflects the long-lasting degree of motivation for sexual activities, which is assumed to be the result of biological and sociocultural influences. With this definition, it shares commonalities with other sexuality-related constructs like sexual desire, sexual drive, sexual needs, and sexual compulsivity. AIM: The Trait Sexual Motivation Questionnaire (TSMQ) was developed in order to measure trait sexual motivation with its different facets. METHODS: Several steps were conducted: First, items were composed assessing sexual desire, the effort made to gain sex, as well as specific sexual behaviors. Factor analysis of the data of a first sample (n = 256) was conducted. Second, the factor solution was verified by a confirmatory factor analysis in a second sample (n = 498) and construct validity was demonstrated. Third, the temporal stability of the TSMQ was tested in a third study (n = 59). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Questionnaire data. RESULTS: The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed that trait sexual motivation is best characterized by four subscales: Solitary Sexuality, Importance of Sex, Seeking Sexual Encounters, and Comparison with Others. It could be shown that the test quality of the questionnaire is high. Most importantly for the trait concept, the retest reliability after 1 year was r = 0.87. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the TSMQ is indeed a suitable tool for measuring long-lasting sexual motivation with high test quality and high construct validity. A future differentiation between trait and state sexual motivation might be helpful for clinical as well as forensic research.
-
Neuroimaging studies on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suggest dysfunctional reward processing, with hypo-responsiveness during reward anticipation in the reward system including the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). In this study, we investigated the association between ADHD related behaviors and the reward system using functional magnetic resonance imaging in a non-clinical sample. Participants were 31 healthy, female undergraduate students with varying levels of self-reported ADHD related behaviors measured by the adult ADHD self-report scale. The anticipation of different types of reward was investigated: monetary reward, punishment avoidance, and verbal feedback. All three reward anticipation conditions were found to be associated with increased brain activation in the reward system, with the highest activation in the monetary reward anticipation condition, followed by the punishment avoidance anticipation condition, and the lowest activation in the verbal feedback anticipation condition. Most interestingly, in all three conditions, NAcc activation was negatively correlated with ADHD related behaviors. In conclusion, our results from a non-clinical sample are in accordance with reported deficits in the reward system in ADHD patients: the higher the number and severity of ADHD related behaviors, the lower the neural responses in the dopaminergic driven reward anticipation task. Thus, our data support current aetiological models of ADHD which assume that deficits in the reward system might be responsible for many of the ADHD related behaviors.
Erkunden
Team
Eintragsart
Sprache
- Englisch (2)
Thema
- Motivation
- Adult (1)
- Age Factors (1)
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (1)
- Behavior (1)
- Brain (1)
- Data Interpretation, Statistical (1)
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (1)
- Factor Analysis, Statistical (1)
- Feedback, Psychological (1)
- Female (2)
- Humans (2)
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted (1)
- *Libido (1)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1)
- Male (1)
- Neuropsychological Tests (1)
- Nucleus Accumbens (1)
- Psychomotor Performance (1)
- Reaction Time (1)
- Reinforcement, Psychology (1)
- Reproducibility of Results (1)
- Retest Reliability (1)
- Reward (1)
- Sex Factors (1)
- Sexual Behavior/*psychology (1)
- Sexual Desire (1)
- Sexual Motivation (1)
- *Surveys and Questionnaires (1)
- Trait Sexual Motivation (1)
- Young Adult (1)