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Vaitl

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Regression Analysis

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Abstracts

Ambach, W., Stark, R., Peper, M., & Vaitl, D. (2008). Separating deceptive and orienting components in a Concealed Information Test. International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology, 70(2), 95–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.07.002

The Concealed Information Test (CIT) requires the examinee to deceptively deny recognition of known stimuli and to truthfully deny recognition of unknown stimuli. Because deception and orienting are typically coupled, it is unclear how exactly these sub-processes affect the physiological responses measured in the CIT. The present study aimed at separating the effects of deception from those of orienting. In a mock-crime study, using a modified CIT, thirty-six of seventy-two subjects answered truthfully ('truth group'), whereas the other thirty-six concealed their knowledge ('lie group'). Answering was delayed for 4 s after item presentation. Electrodermal activity (EDA), respiration (RLL), and phasic heart rate (HR) were recorded. A decomposition of EDA responses revealed two response components; the response in the first interval was expected to indicate orienting, stimulus evaluation, and answer preparation, whereas the response in the second interval was assumed to reflect answer-related processes. Inconclusively, both EDA components differentiated between 'probe' and 'irrelevant' items in both groups. Phasic HR and RLL differed between item classes only in the 'lie' group, thus reflecting answer-related processes, possibly deception, rather than merely orienting responses. The findings further support the notion that psychophysiological measures elicited by a modified CIT may reflect different mental processes involved in orienting and deception.
Schienle, A., Schäfer, A., & Vaitl, D. (2008). Individual differences in disgust imagery: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuroreport, 19(5), 527–530. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNR.0b013e3282f85e10

Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have examined neural correlates of disgust imagery, but have never taken into account the moderating effects of personality traits. Twenty-four women first viewed and subsequently visualized pictures with disgust-inducing and happiness-inducing content. Relative to the picture perception, disgust, and happiness imagery provoked activation of the insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and parietal cortex. Trait disgust was negatively correlated with localized brain activation (e.g. insula, amygdala, parietal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex) during disgust imagery. This study provides first evidence that disgust propensity is associated with brain activation during imagery of repulsive scenes.
Reuter, M., Stark, R., Hennig, J., Walter, B., Kirsch, P., Schienle, A., & Vaitl, D. (2004). Personality and emotion: test of Gray’s personality theory by means of an fMRI study. Behavioral Neuroscience, 118(3), 462–469. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7044.118.3.462

Although it is known that there are fundamental personality differences in the behavioral responses to emotional stimuli, traits have scarcely been investigated in this context by means of functional imaging studies. To maximize the variance with respect to personality, the authors tested 12 control subjects and 12 subjects who had sadomasochistic experiences with respect to the relationship between J. A. Gray's (1970) personality dimensions, the behavioral approach system (BAS) and the behavioral inhibition system (BIS), and brain activity in regions of interest. The BIS was associated with activity in numerous brain areas in response to fear, disgust, and erotic visual stimuli, whereas few associations could he detected between the BAS and brain activity in response to disgust and erotic stimuli.

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Last update from database: 11.08.25, 05:41 (UTC)

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