Ihre Suche

Suche zurücksetzen

Team

Ergebnisse 74 Einträge

Abstracts

Vaitl, D., Birbaumer, N., Gruzelier, J., Jamieson, G. A., Kotchoubey, B., Kübler, A., Lehmann, D., Miltner, W. H. R., Ott, U., Pütz, P., Sammer, G., Strauch, I., Strehl, U., Wackermann, J., & Weiss, T. (2005). Psychobiology of altered states of consciousness. Psychological Bulletin, 131(1), 98–127. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.131.1.98

The article reviews the current knowledge regarding altered states of consciousness (ASC) (a) occurring spontaneously, (b) evoked by physical and physiological stimulation, (c) induced by psychological means, and (d) caused by diseases. The emphasis is laid on psychological and neurobiological approaches. The phenomenological analysis of the multiple ASC resulted in 4 dimensions by which they can be characterized: activation, awareness span, self-awareness, and sensory dynamics. The neurophysiological approach revealed that the different states of consciousness are mainly brought about by a compromised brain structure, transient changes in brain dynamics (disconnectivity), and neurochemical and metabolic processes. Besides these severe alterations, environmental stimuli, mental practices, and techniques of self-control can also temporarily alter brain functioning and conscious experience.
Ott, U. (2005). Meditative Versenkung: Veranlagung, Training, physiologische Mechanismen. In W. Belschner, H. Piron, & H. Walach (Eds.), Bewusstseinstransformation als individuelles und gesellschaftliches Ziel. Ansätze in Meditation, Psychotherapie und empirischer Forschung (Reihe Psychologie des Bewusstseins: Vol. Band 1 (pp. 53–72). LIT Verlag.
Vaitl, D., & Ott, U. (2005). Altered States of Consciousness Induced by Psychophysiological Techniques. Mind and Matter, 3(1), 9–30. https://www.mindmatter.de/journal/abstracts/mmabstracts3_1.html#vai

View on www.mindmatter.de
Stark, R., Schienle, A., Walter, B., Kirsch, P., Blecker, C., Ott, U., Schäfer, A., Sammer, G., Zimmermann, M., & Vaitl, D. (2004). Hemodynamic Effects of Negative Emotional Pictures – A Test-Retest Analysis. Neuropsychobiology, 50(1), 108–118. https://doi.org/10.1159/000077948

We investigated subjective and hemodynamic responses towards disgust-inducing, fear-inducing, and neutral pictures in a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Within an interval of 1 week, 24 male subjects underwent the same block design twice in order to analyze possible response changes to the repeated picture presentation. The results showed that disgust-inducing and fear-inducing scenes provoked a similar activation pattern in comparison to neutral scenes. This included the thalamus, primary and secondary visual fields, the amygdala, the hippocampus, and various regions of the prefrontal cortex. During the retest, the affective ratings hardly changed. In contrast, most of the previously observed brain activations disappeared, with the exception of the temporo-occipital activation. An additional analysis, which compared the emotion-related activation patterns during the two presentations, showed that the responses to the fear-inducing pictures were more stable than the responses to the disgust-inducing ones.

View on doi.org
Ott, U. (2004). Meditation. In D. Vaitl & F. Petermann (Eds.), Entspannungsverfahren. Das Praxishandbuch (3. Auflage (pp. 177–188). Beltz.
Stark, R., Schienle, A., Walter, B., Kirsch, P., Sammer, G., Ott, U., Blecker, C., & Vaitl, D. (2003). Hemodynamic responses to fear and disgust-inducing pictures: an fMRI study. International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology, 50(3), 225–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8760(03)00169-7

The majority of neuroimaging studies on affective processing have indicated that there are specific brain structures, which are selectively responsive to fear and disgust. Whereas the amygdala is assumed to be fear-related, the insular cortex is most likely involved in disgust processing. Since these findings are mainly a result of studies focusing exclusively either on fear, or on disgust, but rarely on both emotions together, the present experiment explored the neural effects of viewing disgusting and fear-inducing pictures in contrast to neutral pictures. This was done by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with 19 subjects (nine males, ten females), who also gave affective ratings for the presented pictures. The fear and the disgust pictures were able to induce the target emotions and they received comparable valence and arousal ratings. The processing of both aversive picture types was associated with an increased brain activation in the occipital-temporal lobe, in the prefrontal cortex, and in the thalamus. The amygdala was significantly activated by disgusting, but not by fear-inducing, pictures. Thus, our data are in contrast with the idea of highly emotion-specific brain structures and rather suggest the existence of a common affective circuit.
Kirsch, P., Schienle, A., Stark, R., Sammer, G., Blecker, C., Walter, B., Ott, U., Burkart, J., & Vaitl, D. (2003). Anticipation of reward in a nonaversive differential conditioning paradigm and the brain reward system:: an event-related fMRI study. NeuroImage, 20(2), 1086–1095. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(03)00381-1

Findings from animal as well as human neuroimaging studies suggest that reward delivery is associated with the activation of subcortical limbic and prefrontal brain regions, including the thalamus, the striatum, the anterior cingulate and the prefrontal cortex. The aim of the present study was to explore if these reward-sensitive regions are also activated during the anticipation of reinforcers that vary with regard to their motivational value. A differential conditioning paradigm was performed, with the presentation of a rewarded reaction time task serving as the unconditioned stimulus (US). Depending on their reaction time, subjects were given (or not given) a monetary reward, or were presented with a verbal feedback consisting of being fast or slow. In a third control condition no task needed to be executed. Each of the three conditions was introduced by a different visual cue (CS). Brain activation of 27 subjects was recorded using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. The results showed significant activation of the substantia nigra, thalamic, striatal, and orbitofrontal brain regions as well as of the insula and the anterior cingulate during the presentation of a CS signalling a rewarded task. The anticipation of a monetary reward produced stronger activation in these regions than the anticipation of positive verbal feedback. The results are interpreted as reflecting the motivation-dependent reactivity of the brain reward system with highly motivating stimuli (monetary reward) leading to a stronger activation than those less motivating ones (verbal reward).

View on www.sciencedirect.com
Ott, U. (2003). The role of absorption for the study of yoga. Journal for Meditation and Meditation Research, 3, 21–26.
Schienle, A., Stark, R., Walter, B., Blecker, C., Ott, U., Kirsch, P., Sammer, G., & Vaitl, D. (2002). The insula is not specifically involved in disgust processing: an fMRI study. Neuroreport, 13(16), 2023–2026. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-200211150-00006

fMRI studies have shown that the perception of facial disgust expressions specifically activates the insula. The present fMRI study investigated whether this structure is also involved in the processing of visual stimuli depicting non-mimic disgust elicitors compared to fear-inducing and neutral scenes. Twelve female subjects were scanned while viewing alternating blocks of 40 disgust-inducing, 40 fear-inducing and 40 affectively neutral pictures, shown for 1.5 s each. Afterwards, affective ratings were assessed. The disgust pictures, rated as highly repulsive, induced activation in the insula, the amygdala, the orbitofrontal and occipito-temporal cortex. Since during the fear condition the insula was also involved, our findings do not fit the idea of the insula as a specific disgust processor.
Ott, U. (2002). Transpersonale Erfahrungen während tiefer Meditation. Zeitschrift Für Transpersonale Psychologie Und Psychotherapie, 8, 7–16.
Ott, U. (2001). The EEG and the depth of meditation. Journal for Meditation and Meditation Research, 1, 55–68.
Ott, U. (2000). Merkmale der 40 Hz-Aktivität im EEG während Ruhe, Kopfrechnen und Meditation. Peter Lang.
Ott, U. (1996). Entspannungsverfahren. In Arbeitskreis „Psychologische Gesundheitsför¬derung und Prävention“ der Sektion Klinische Psychologie im Berufsverband Deutscher Psychologinnnen und Psychologen e.V. In R. M. R. Hrsg., W.-U. Scholz, & U. Ott (Eds.), Wegweiser Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention: Angebote von Diplom-PsychologInnen (p. 19). Deutscher Psychologen Verlag.
Ohm, D., & Ott, U. (1995). Dialog von Forschung und Praxis in der Gesundheitsförderung. In M. Rieländer, L. Hertel, & A. Kaupert (Eds.), Psychologische Gesundheitsförderung als zukunftsorientiertes Berufsfeld (pp. 75–79). Deutscher Psychologen Verlag.

Custom feed

Last update from database: 04.06.25, 15:35 (UTC)

Ihre Suche

Ergebnisse 74 Einträge

Erkunden

Team

Eintragsart

Sprache

Thema