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Abstracts
  • Schäfer, A., Schienle, A., & Vaitl, D. (2005). Stimulus type and design influence hemodynamic responses towards visual disgust and fear elicitors. International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology, 57(1), 53–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.01.011

    The question to what extent emotion-related brain activation depends upon the presentation design (block design vs. event-related design) and the stimulus type (scene pictures vs. pictures with facial mimic) has hardly been addressed in previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research. In the present fMRI experiment, 40 right-handed subjects viewed pictures with fear-inducing and disgust-inducing content as well as facial expressions of fear and disgust. Pictures of neutral objects and neutral facial mimic were used as control stimuli. The pictures were presented in a block design for half of the subjects; the other half viewed the same stimuli as singular events in randomized sequence. The participants had been instructed to passively view the pictures. Disgust-evoking scenes provoked activation in the amygdala, the insula and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). This applied to the blocked as well as to the event-related design. Fear-relevant scenes were associated with activity in the insula, the OFC and the middle temporal gyri in the event-related design. The presentation in a block design only led to activation in the middle temporal gyri. Facial expressions of disgust and fear did not trigger significant activation neither in the blocked nor event-related design. This surprising outcome may be a result of context and task effects. The face stimuli which were presented together with the more complex scenes in a passive viewing paradigm possibly were not salient enough to trigger emotional processing.

  • Reuter, M., Stark, R., Hennig, J., Walter, B., Kirsch, P., Schienle, A., & Vaitl, D. (2004). Personality and emotion: test of Gray’s personality theory by means of an fMRI study. Behavioral Neuroscience, 118(3), 462–469. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7044.118.3.462

    Although it is known that there are fundamental personality differences in the behavioral responses to emotional stimuli, traits have scarcely been investigated in this context by means of functional imaging studies. To maximize the variance with respect to personality, the authors tested 12 control subjects and 12 subjects who had sadomasochistic experiences with respect to the relationship between J. A. Gray's (1970) personality dimensions, the behavioral approach system (BAS) and the behavioral inhibition system (BIS), and brain activity in regions of interest. The BIS was associated with activity in numerous brain areas in response to fear, disgust, and erotic visual stimuli, whereas few associations could he detected between the BAS and brain activity in response to disgust and erotic stimuli.

  • Saborowski, R., Vaitl, D., & Stark, R. (2002). Perception of posture and cerebral blood flow. International Journal of Psychophysiology: Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology, 43(2), 167–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8760(01)00169-6

    The perception of posture in man is made possible by the information of the vestibular organs, the visual system, the proprioception and the blood volume distribution. The present study examined the cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) and the fluid volume of the thoracic cavity under different pressure conditions and their effects on the perception of posture. Changes in blood flow velocity were measured by transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD), and changes in the blood volume distribution of the upper torso were registered by impedance plethysmography. The results indicated that the cerebral blood flow volume and the thoracic blood volume changed in the same manner. Lower Body Positive Pressure (+30 mmHg) led to an increase in central volume and CBFV. During the Lower Body Negative Pressure Treatment (-30 mmHg), the central blood volume and the cerebral blood flow velocity decreased while venous pooling occurred. Additionally, the changes in both parameters were associated with an altered posture perception. The correlations between the SHP and the two physiological parameters cerebral blood flow velocity and fluid shift in the upper thorax indicate that the fluid shift in the thoracic cavity was more closely related to the SHP than to the changes in cerebral blood volume.

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Last update from database: 04.06.25, 15:35 (UTC)