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An approach toward detecting hidden knowledge is the Concealed Information Test (CIT). It relies on the memory of crime-relevant information. This study investigated whether its validity is susceptible to memory distortion by misleading information. A misleading information paradigm was employed to distort memory prior to an interrogation with a CIT. Forty-one participants watched a video with specific crime-related information. After a 1-week retention interval, misleading information was introduced. Afterward, a CIT was performed, followed by a threefold memory test. When misleading information was presented, memory performance was reduced, and no physiological response differences between crime-relevant and crime-irrelevant information were found. Without presenting misleading information, physiological responses differed between responses to crime-relevant and crime-irrelevant information. However, responses in all physiological measures also differed between misleading and irrelevant information. The results indicate that the CIT is susceptible to misleading information, which reduces its validity in specific constellations.
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Remembering something that has not in fact been experienced is commonly referred to as false memory. The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm is a well-elaborated approach to this phenomenon. This study attempts to investigate the peripheral physiology of false memories induced in a visual DRM paradigm. The main research question is whether false recognition is different from true recognition in terms of accompanying physiological responses.Sixty subjects participated in the experiment, which included a study phase with visual scenes each showing a group of interrelated items in social contexts. Subjects were divided into an experimental group undergoing a classical DRM design and a control group without DRM manipulation. The control group was implemented in order to statistically control for possible biases produced by memorability differences between stimulus types. After a short retention interval, a pictorial recognition phase was conducted in the manner of a Concealed Information Test. Simultaneous recordings of electrodermal activity, respiration line length, phasic heart rate, and finger pulse waveform length were used. Results yielded a significant Group by Item Type interaction, showing that true recognition is accompanied by greater electrodermal activity than false recognition.Results are discussed in the light of Sokolov's Orienting Reflex, the Preliminary Process Theory and the Concealed Information Test. Implications and restrictions of the introduced design features are critically discussed. This study demonstrates the applicability of measures of peripheral physiology to the field of false memory research.
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Team
- Vaitl (2)
Eintragsart
Sprache
- Englisch (2)
Thema
- Fingers/physiology
- Adult (1)
- concealed information test (1)
- *Crime (1)
- *Deception (1)
- Electrocardiography (1)
- eyewitness (1)
- false memory (1)
- Female (2)
- forensic anthropology (1)
- forensic science (1)
- Galvanic Skin Response/physiology (1)
- Heart Rate (1)
- Heart Rate/physiology (1)
- Humans (2)
- Linear Models (1)
- Logistic Models (1)
- Male (2)
- memory (1)
- Memory/*physiology (2)
- Neuropsychological Tests (1)
- Plethysmography (1)
- Psychomotor Performance/physiology (1)
- Psychophysiology/methods (1)
- Pulse (1)
- Recognition, Psychology/*physiology (1)
- *Repression, Psychology (1)
- Respiration (1)
- Respiratory Rate/physiology (1)
- Skin Physiological Phenomena (1)
- Visual Perception/*physiology (1)
- Young Adult (2)