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This study investigated differences in brain activation during meditation between meditators and non-meditators. Fifteen Vipassana meditators (mean practice: 7.9 years, 2h daily) and fifteen non-meditators, matched for sex, age, education, and handedness, participated in a block-design fMRI study that included mindfulness of breathing and mental arithmetic conditions. For the meditation condition (contrasted to arithmetic), meditators showed stronger activations in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex and the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex bilaterally, compared to controls. Greater rostral anterior cingulate cortex activation in meditators may reflect stronger processing of distracting events. The increased activation in the medial prefrontal cortex may reflect that meditators are stronger engaged in emotional processing.
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Some authors have suggested separate mechanisms for the processing of temporal intervals above versus below 2-3s. Given that the evidence is mixed, the present experiment was carried out as a critical test of the separate-mechanism hypothesis. Subjects reproduced five standard durations of 1-5s presented in the auditory and visual modalities. The Corsi-block test was used to assess effects of working-memory span on different interval lengths. Greater working-memory span was associated with longer reproductions of intervals of 3-5s. A factor analysis run on mean reproduced intervals revealed one modality-unspecific factor for durations of 1-2s and two modality-specific factors for longer intervals. These results are interpreted as further indications that two different processes underlie temporal reproductions of shorter and longer intervals.
Erkunden
Eintragsart
Sprache
- Englisch (2)
Thema
- Mental Processes/*physiology
- Acoustic Stimulation/methods (1)
- Adult (2)
- Age Distribution (1)
- Aged (1)
- Aged, 80 and over (1)
- Analysis of Variance (1)
- Auditory Perception/physiology (1)
- *Brain Mapping (1)
- Case-Control Studies (1)
- Factor Analysis, Statistical (1)
- Female (2)
- Frontal Lobe/blood supply/*physiology (1)
- Functional Laterality/physiology (1)
- Gyrus Cinguli/blood supply/*physiology (1)
- Humans (2)
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods (1)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods (1)
- Male (2)
- Mathematics (1)
- *Meditation (1)
- Memory, Short-Term/*physiology (1)
- Middle Aged (1)
- Oxygen/blood (1)
- Photic Stimulation/methods (1)
- Task Performance and Analysis (1)
- Time Perception/*physiology (1)
- Visual Perception/physiology (1)