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The "dual klepsydra model" (DKM) of internal time representation successfully models duration reproduction data, but relations between the DKM-based parameter kappa ("loss rate") and procedural variables (presentation modality) or individual characteristics (cognitive indices, age, sex) remained as yet unexplored. For that purpose, were-analyzed data from an earlier time reproduction study (N = 100), using visually or acoustically presented intervals of 1-5 sec. duration. Typical values of parameter kappa were approximately 0.03-0.04 sec.(-1), corresponding to relaxation times of internal "lossy integrators" of approximately 30 sec. Significant effects of presentation modality (smaller kappa values for the visual reproduction task) and of age (greater kappa in acoustic reproduction with increasing age) were observed. Cognitive variables (working memory, general fluid reasoning, attention) and sex of participants were not associated with kappa. Cognitive functions seem to play only a minor, if any, role at the level of time representation addressed by the DKM.
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Some authors have suggested separate mechanisms for the processing of temporal intervals above versus below 2-3s. Given that the evidence is mixed, the present experiment was carried out as a critical test of the separate-mechanism hypothesis. Subjects reproduced five standard durations of 1-5s presented in the auditory and visual modalities. The Corsi-block test was used to assess effects of working-memory span on different interval lengths. Greater working-memory span was associated with longer reproductions of intervals of 3-5s. A factor analysis run on mean reproduced intervals revealed one modality-unspecific factor for durations of 1-2s and two modality-specific factors for longer intervals. These results are interpreted as further indications that two different processes underlie temporal reproductions of shorter and longer intervals.
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Sferics are electromagnetic impulses generated by electrical discharges during thunderstorms (lightning). One category is comprised of very low frequency electromagnetic waves, traveling over distances up to a thousand kilometers. Sferics have been shown to affect biological responses such as pain syndromes, reaction times, and power in the alpha band of the EEG. In the present study, in which 100 subjects took part, sferics have been studied in their relation to performance on a forced-choice extrasensory perception (ESP) task and to several secondary variables. The general finding is a negative correlation between ESP performance and sferics activity around the time of the session, most notably 24-48 hours prior to the session. Secondary variables appear to modulate this correlation, as has been found in previous research on sferics: the correlation tended to be stronger for persons who scored lower on Neuroticism and higher on the Openness scale of a Five-Factor Personality Questionnaire.
Erkunden
Eintragsart
Sprache
- Englisch (3)
Thema
- Task Performance and Analysis
- Acoustic Stimulation (1)
- Acoustic Stimulation/methods (1)
- Adolescent (1)
- Adult (3)
- Age Distribution (1)
- Age Factors (1)
- Aged (3)
- Aged, 80 and over (2)
- Analysis of Variance (1)
- *Attention (1)
- Auditory Perception/physiology (1)
- Choice Behavior (1)
- *Cognition (1)
- Discrimination, Psychological (1)
- Electromagnetic Phenomena (1)
- Factor Analysis, Statistical (1)
- Female (3)
- Form Perception (1)
- Humans (3)
- Lightning (1)
- Male (3)
- *Memory, Short-Term (1)
- Memory, Short-Term/*physiology (1)
- Mental Processes/*physiology (1)
- Middle Aged (3)
- Parapsychology (1)
- Personality (1)
- Personality Inventory (1)
- Photic Stimulation (1)
- Photic Stimulation/methods (1)
- Sex Factors (1)
- *Time Perception (1)
- Time Perception/*physiology (1)
- Visual Perception/physiology (1)
- Young Adult (1)