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Vollständige Literaturliste 940 Einträge

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Costines, C., & Schmidt, T. T. (2024). Phenomenology of Psychedelic Experiences and Psychedelic-Associated Distressing Effects: Quantifying Subjective Experiences (pp. 1–23). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2024_562

The range of phenomena that can be induced by psychedelic substances is broad and variable, including effects on perception, cognition, and emotion. The umbrella term “psychedelic phenomenology” is used to refer to a combination of altered experiential features, such as hallucinations or ego dissolution, which together constitute a psychedelic experience. However, there is no consensus on the set of alterations of consciousness that qualifies an altered state to be a “psychedelic state.” In this chapter we summarize the most commonly discussed changes in subjective experiences which could be seen as “core features” of psychedelic experiences. While acknowledging the rich history of pioneering phenomenological work of the last century, this chapter focuses on more recent developments in the quantitative work on the assessment of these phenomena. We also address the under-researched phenomenology of distressing effects, often referred to as “challenging experiences” or “bad trips,” and point to their importance in understanding the therapeutic potential and risks associated with psychedelic phenomenology. Historically, one can find many links between psychedelic phenomenology and the phenomenology of psychopathology. We stress the importance to refine the assessment and description also of distressing effects, to identify factors that promote acute experiences which are beneficial and limit those which can have potentially harmful long-term effects.

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Fach, W. (2024). Das Spektrum des Außergewöhnlichen. Konzeptionelle Ansätze, empirisch-phänomenologische Untersuchungen und plananalytische Fallstudien zur mentalen Repräsentation bei außergewöhnlichen Erfahrungen [[Dissertation]., Universität Bern]. https://boristheses.unibe.ch/5179/

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Flatten, C., Linares Gutiérrez, D., Kübel, S. L., Taylor, S., & Wittmann, M. (2024). Increased wakefulness as measured by the WAKE-16 is related to mindfulness and emotional self-regulation in experienced Buddhist meditators. Progress in Brain Research, 287, 287–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2024.04.005

INTRODUCTION: We tested and validated the German version of a new instrument for measuring "wakefulness," defined as "an expansive, higher-functioning, and stable state of being in which a person's vision of and relationship to the world are transformed, along with their subjective experience, their sense of identity and their conceptual outlook" (Taylor, 2017, p. 22). METHODS: In order to test the construct validity of the new instrument (Inventory of Secular/Spiritual Wakefulness; WAKE-16), we performed a parametric comparison between a group of expert meditators (n=36) with a history of predominantly meditating in silence and demographically matched non-meditators (n=36) for the WAKE-16 and two conceptually related questionnaires of mindfulness and emotion regulation. RESULTS: Significantly higher scores for the meditators on the WAKE-16 indicate construct validity of the new instrument. Meditators scored higher on the two mindfulness subscales "presence" and "acceptance," as well as on the SEE subscales of emotion regulation and body-related symbolization of emotions. Within the group of meditators, there were significant correlations between wakefulness and mindfulness, accepting one's own emotions, and experiencing overwhelming emotions. The only significant correlation in non-meditators was found between wakefulness and accepting one's own emotions. DISCUSSION: The new instrument shows construct validity by discriminating between the two groups. Correlations between wakefulness and related psychological constructs indicate convergent validity. Future studies could attempt to increase discriminatory accuracy of the definition of wakefulness, as well as finding objective methods of measuring.
Foerster, F. R., Joos, E., Martin, B., Coull, J. T., & Giersch, A. (2024). Self and time in individuals with schizophrenia: A motor component? Schizophrenia Research, 272, 12–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2024.08.008
Hofmann, L. (2024). Psychische Probleme im Kontext von Spiritualität und Religiosität. Eine Literaturanalyse zu Typologien und Erscheinungsbildern. Spiritual Care. Zeitschrift für Spiritualität in den Gesundheitsberufen, 13(2), 115–124. https://doi.org/10.1515/spircare-2023-0016
Hofmann, L. (2024). Spirituelle Krisen. Grundlagen zur Einordnung eines facettenreichen Phänomens. Zeitschrift Bewusstseinswissenschaften. Transpersonale Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 30(2).
Hofmann, L., & Ott, U. (2024). Spirituelle und meditationsinduzierte Krisen. Etablierung eines neuen Beratungsschwerpunktes am IGPP. Bewusstseinswissenschaften. Transpersonale Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 30(2).
Hofmann, L., & Ott, U. (2024). Spirituelle und meditationsinduzierte Krisen: Etablierung eines neuen Beratungsschwerpunktes am IGPP. Zeitschrift Bewusstseinswissenschaften. Transpersonale Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 30(2), 34–45. https://zeitschrift-bewusstseinswissenschaften.de/index.php/ZfB/article/view/302

Zusammenfassung Psychospirituelle und bewusstseinsmodulierende Praktiken, vornehmlich Meditation, erfreuen sich in den westlichen Gesellschaften zunehmender Beliebtheit. Dabei werden derartige Praktiken unter einem breiten Spektrum an sowohl säkularen als auch spirituellen Zielsetzungen eingesetzt. Die wachstumsfördernden und salutogenen Wirkungen von Meditationspraktiken sind durch empirische Forschung gut belegt. Während der Fokus der Forschung lange Zeit nahezu ausschließlich auf den positiven Wirkungen solcher Praktiken lag, wächst allmählich das Bewusstsein, dass diese nicht unter allen Kontextbedingungen und für jeden förderlich sind. Krisen und Probleme dieser Art wurden bereits in den 1980er und 1990er Jahren unter der Bezeichnung „spirituelle Krisen“ diskutiert. In jüngerer Zeit hat die Thematik unter Fokussierung auf die Meditationspraxis unter dem Begriff „unerwünschte Wirkungen von Meditation“ erneutes Forschungsinteresse geweckt. Auf Grundlage eines Sammelbandes zum Thema Spiritualität und spirituelle Krisen sowie einer empirischen Studie zu den unerwünschten Wirkungen von Meditation wurden von den Autoren des Beitrags und Kollegen wesentliche theoretische, praxisorientierte therapeutisch-beraterische sowie empirische Grundlagen rund um den Themenkreis „spirituelle und meditationsinduzierte Krisen“ erarbeitet. In einem weiteren Schritt galt es, den Transfer der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse in die therapeutisch-beraterische Praxis voranzutreiben, um hierdurch zu einer Verbesserung des Versorgungsangebotes für Betroffene beizutragen. Zu diesem Zweck wurde am Freiburger Institut für Grenzgebiete der Psychologie und Psychohygiene ein neuer Beratungsschwerpunkt „Spirituelle und meditationsinduzierte Krisen“ eingerichtet. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Zielsetzungen dieses Beratungsangebotes, beschreibt typische Anliegen, mit denen sich Ratsuchende an uns wenden, sowie das konkrete Vorgehen in der Beratungsarbeit. Abschließend werden einige exemplarische Beratungsfälle vorgestellt.

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Matlock, J. G., Hilton, B., Sheldrake, R., Smart, P., & Nahm, M. (2024). After-death communications (ADCs) from non-human animals: Parallels with human ADCs. Journal of Scientific Exploration, 38(1), 61–78. https://doi.org/10.31275/20243087

In an earlier study, Rupert Sheldrake, Pam Smart, and Michael Nahm reviewed accounts of end-of-life experiences (ELEs) involving non-human animals. They showed animal ELEs to be similar to human ELEs, suggesting common underlying processes. Here, we consider apparent after-death communications (ADCs) from non-human animals and compare them to accounts of ADCs from humans. We collected 442 accounts of animal ADCs from our own appeals and from reports in the literature. We found a close resemblance between ADCs from animals and from humans in the types of experience—dream visitations, a sense of presence, visual, auditory, tactile, and olfactory apparitions, and psychokinetic effects. As with human ADCs, the great majority of animal ADCs were reported to have occurred in the first hours or days after death, with a dramatic falling off over time. Moreover, our data show that people grieve their pets in much the same fashion as they grieve their human loved ones, suggesting that human bereavement studies would do well to take into account the animal data to which we draw attention. Doing so may help clarify issues regarding the fundamental nature of the experiences—determining whether they are best regarded as internal hallucinations, as living-agent-psi-mediated subjective or objective phenomena, or as actual contacts with the deceased—which in turn carries implications not only for academic studies of bereavement but for clinical practice with the bereaved.
Mayer, G. (2024). Magic and its evaluation – reports and views of practitioners. Journal of Parapsychology, 88(1), in press.
Mozhdehfarahbakhsh, A., Hecker, L., Joos, E., & Kornmeier, J. (2024). Visual imagination can influence visual perception – towards an experimental paradigm to measure imagination. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 24486. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74693-x
Nahm, M., & Anton, A. (2024). PSI & UAP. Overeenkomsten en verschillen tussen niet-geïdentificeerde anomale fenomenen en paranormale verschijnselen. Tijdschrift voor Parapsychologie en Bewustzijnsonderzoek, 1, 4–10.
Nahm, M. (2024). Hans Driesch. Psi Encyclopedia. https://psi-encyclopedia.spr.ac.uk/articles/hans-driesch

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Nahm, M. (2024). The arcane nexus: Assessing the roots of non-local consciousness. https://noetic.org/prize/

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Nahm, M., & Anton, A. (2024). PSI & UAP: Overeenkomsten en verschillen tussen niet-geïdentificeerde anomale fenomenen en paranormale verschijnselen. Tijdschrift Voor Parapsychologie En Bewustzijnsonderzoek, 2024(1), 4–10.
Ott, U. (2024). Meditation aus psychologischer und neurowissenschaftlicher Perspektive. Quatember. Vierteljahreshefte Für Erneuerung Und Einheit Der Kirche, 88(3), 214–221.
Roehrs, P., Fenwick, P., Greyson, B., Kellehear, A., Kothe, K., Nahm, M., Roe, C., Tassell-Matamua, N., & Woollacott, M. (2024). Terminal lucidity in a pediatric oncology clinic. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 212(1), 57–60. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000001711

The sporadic occurrence of unusually enhanced mental clarity before death has been documented over time and cultures, and reported in patients with and without neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric disorders, and other neurocognitive deficits, as well as those with nonterminal and terminal conditions. Using a purposive sampling method via existing professional networks, clinical presentations of terminal lucidity in pediatric populations, as witnessed by pediatric oncologists and medical personnel, were solicited. We document clinical presentations suggestive of terminal lucidity in children, which were compiled by their attending physician at two large tertiary pediatric hospitals. Unanticipated and unexplained changes in mental clarity, verbal communication, and/or physical capability in the days and hours before the death of the pediatric patients were observed. Each patient's medical condition should not have allowed for such changes. The phenomenon known as terminal lucidity provides a conceptual framework for these deviations, although more systematic documentation and clinical research is required before definitive conclusions can be drawn.
Schellinger, U., & Nahm, M. (2024). Freiburgs Gespenster: Spuk und Geister in der Stadt von 1800 bis heute (3rd ed.). Institut für Grenzgebiete der Psychologie und Psychohygiene.
Schetsche, M., & Anton, A. (2024). Erstkontakt - Gesellschaftliche Aspekte. Raumfahrt Concret, 131, 18–21.
Schetsche, M., & Anton, A. (2024). Wer vertritt die Menschheit, wenn wir von Ausserirdischen entdeckt werden? Gastbeitrag für Schweizer Monat, 15.

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