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Nahm, M. (2023). Concordant deviance: Commonalties of unidentified anomalous phenomena (UAP) and psi phenomena. Journal of Anomalistics, 23(2), 170–190. https://doi.org/10.23793/zfa.2023.270
Nahm, M. (2023). Kommentare zur Video-Dokumentation von Kai Mügges Tisch-Levitationen. Grenzwissenschaft-Aktuell.De. https://www.grenzwissenschaft-aktuell.de/kontroverse-um-juengste-videodokumentation-ueber-seance-forschungsexperimente-mit-kai-muegge20230516/

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Nahm, M. (2023). Phenomena of Franek Kluski’s mediumship and the significance of materialisations for the survival question. Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research, 61(225), 10–39.
Nahm, M. (2023). Vom unvergleichlichen Zauber blumengleicher Tiere: Die zoologischen Arbeiten der Okkultistin Fanny Moser. In I. Schmied-Knittel (Ed.), Science und Séance: Die Biologin und Parapsychologin Fanny Moser (1872-1953) (pp. 115–150). Ergon.
Oomen-Welke, K., Hilbich, T., Schlachter, E., Müller, A., Anton, A., & Huber, R. (2023). Spending time in the forest or the field: qualitative semi-structured interviews in a randomized controlled cross-over trial with highly sensitive persons. Frontiers in Psychology, 14(1207627). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1207627

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Ott, U. (2023). Meditation als Weg zu einem befreiten Sein. Fromm Forum, 27, 61–68.
Pfeifer, E., Pothmann, K., Claaßen, S., & Wittmann, M. (2023). Increased relaxation, less boredom, and a faster passage of time during a period of silence in the forest. Progress in Brain Research, 277, 157–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.12.010

INTRODUCTION: There is growing evidence of the beneficial effects of exposure to nature on health and well-being. Time spent in nature can decrease stress, anxiety, depression, and improve mood. In the present study, we compared the experience of a short period of silence in the natural environment of a forest with the same amount of silence in a seminar room. METHODS: We applied an intra-subject design with two 6:30-min sessions of silence in two different environments (forest, seminar room). The participants (n=41) were assigned to four groups. Two groups started with the indoor condition and two groups with the outdoor condition. After 1 week, the two groups were exposed to the other condition. Participants filled out personality-trait scales on meaning in life and belief in oneness with the world, as well as state scales assessing emotional reactions, relaxation, boredom, and the subjective sense of self, time, and space. RESULTS: Participants felt significantly more relaxed and less bored in the forest compared to indoors. They experienced time less intensely, judging it to pass faster and to last shorter in the forest. Regarding trait variables, the higher the search for meaning, the higher oneness beliefs in participants. The higher oneness beliefs, the more positive participants felt during silence in the forest. DISCUSSION: Interest in nature-assisted therapy is increasing in the healthcare sector. Exposure to silence in the natural setting of a forest could prove to be an effective complement to interventions applied in nature-assisted therapy, such as forest therapy.
Schellinger, U. (2023). Feindselige Verhältnisse: Befürworter und Gegner des Kriminalmediumismus um 1900 in Deutschland. Zeitschrift für Anomalistik, 23(1), 14–40.
Schmied-Knittel, I. (2023). „Ich habe das Vernünftige immer gehasst“. In I. Schmied-Knittel (Ed.), Science und Séance. Die Biologin und Parapsychologin Fanny Moser (1872 – 1953) (pp. 15–71). Ergon.
Schmied-Knittel, I. (Ed.). (2023). Science und Séance. Die Biologin und Parapsychologin Fanny Moser (1872–1953). Ergon.
Sheldrake, R., Smart, P., & Nahm, M. (2023). Experiences of dying animals: Parallels with end-of-life experiences in humans. Journal of Scientific Exploration, 37(1), 42–58. https://doi.org/10.31275/20232773
Wilson, M., Hecker, L., Joos, E., Aertsen, A., Elst, L., & Kornmeier, J. (2023). Spontaneous Necker-cube reversals may not be that spontaneous. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 17, 1179081. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2023.1179081
Wilson, M., Hecker, L., Joos, E., Aertsen, A., Tebartz van Elst, L., & Kornmeier, J. (2023). Spontaneous Necker-cube reversals may not be that spontaneous. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 17, 1179081. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2023.1179081

INTRODUCTION: During observation of the ambiguous Necker cube, our perception suddenly reverses between two about equally possible 3D interpretations. During passive observation, perceptual reversals seem to be sudden and spontaneous. A number of theoretical approaches postulate destabilization of neural representations as a pre-condition for reversals of ambiguous figures. In the current study, we focused on possible Electroencephalogram (EEG) correlates of perceptual destabilization, that may allow prediction of an upcoming perceptual reversal. METHODS: We presented ambiguous Necker cube stimuli in an onset-paradigm and investigated the neural processes underlying endogenous reversals as compared to perceptual stability across two consecutive stimulus presentations. In a separate experimental condition, disambiguated cube variants were alternated randomly, to exogenously induce perceptual reversals. We compared the EEG immediately before and during endogenous Necker cube reversals with corresponding time windows during exogenously induced perceptual reversals of disambiguated cube variants. RESULTS: For the ambiguous Necker cube stimuli, we found the earliest differences in the EEG between reversal trials and stability trials already 1 s before a reversal occurred, at bilateral parietal electrodes. The traces remained similar until approximately 1100 ms before a perceived reversal, became maximally different at around 890 ms (p = 7.59 × 10(-6), Cohen's d = 1.35) and remained different until shortly before offset of the stimulus preceding the reversal. No such patterns were found in the case of disambiguated cube variants. DISCUSSION: The identified EEG effects may reflect destabilized states of neural representations, related to destabilized perceptual states preceding a perceptual reversal. They further indicate that spontaneous Necker cube reversals are most probably not as spontaneous as generally thought. Rather, the destabilization may occur over a longer time scale, at least 1 s before a reversal event, despite the reversal event as such being perceived as spontaneous by the viewer.
Wittmann, M. (2023). Commentary: Physical time within human time. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1095221. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1095221
Zwickel, A. (2023). Are phenomena that constitute exceptional experiences (ExE) subclinical symptoms of a psychosis continuum? [Vortrag. 65th Annual Convention of the Parapsychological Association, 4.
Zwickel, A. (2023). Mai) The counselling approach of IGPP and its application in clinical practice. Vortrag]. PA Symposium for Counseling and the Exceptional Experiencer, Online.
Zwickel, A. (2023). Sind außergewöhnliche Erfahrungen als psychoseähnliche Erfahrungen zu verstehen?
Chaumon, M., Rioux, P.-A., Herbst, S. K., Spiousas, I., Kübel, S. L., Gallego Hiroyasu, E. M., Runyun, Ş. L., Micillo, L., Thanopoulos, V., Mendoza-Duran, E., Wagelmans, A., Mudumba, R., Tachmatzidou, O., Cellini, N., D’Argembeau, A., Giersch, A., Grondin, S., Gronfier, C., Igarzábal, F. A., … van Wassenhove, V. (2022). The Blursday database as a resource to study subjective temporalities during COVID-19. Nature Human Behaviour, 6(11), 1587–1599. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01419-2

The COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns triggered worldwide changes in the daily routines of human experience. The Blursday database provides repeated measures of subjective time and related processes from participants in nine countries tested on 14 questionnaires and 15 behavioural tasks during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 2,840 participants completed at least one task, and 439 participants completed all tasks in the first session. The database and all data collection tools are accessible to researchers for studying the effects of social isolation on temporal information processing, time perspective, decision-making, sleep, metacognition, attention, memory, self-perception and mindfulness. Blursday includes quantitative statistics such as sleep patterns, personality traits, psychological well-being and lockdown indices. The database provides quantitative insights on the effects of lockdown (stringency and mobility) and subjective confinement on time perception (duration, passage of time and temporal distances). Perceived isolation affects time perception, and we report an inter-individual central tendency effect in retrospective duration estimation.
Friedel, E. B. N., Hahn, H.-T., Maier, S., Küchlin, S., Reich, M., Runge, K., Bach, M., Heinrich, S. P., Kornmeier, J., Endres, D., Ebert, D., Domschke, K., Tebartz van Elst, L., & Nickel, K. (2022). Structural and functional retinal alterations in patients with paranoid schizophrenia. Translational Psychiatry, 12(1), 402. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-02167-7

Ophthalmological methods have increasingly raised the interest of neuropsychiatric specialists. While the integrity of the retinal cell functions can be evaluated with the electroretinogram (ERG), optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows a structural investigation of retinal layer thicknesses. Previous studies indicate possible functional and structural retinal alterations in patients with schizophrenia. Twenty-five patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 25 healthy controls (HC) matched for age, sex, and smoking status participated in this study. Both, ERG and OCT were applied to obtain further insights into functional and structural retinal alterations. A significantly reduced a-wave amplitude and thickness of the corresponding para- and perifoveal outer nuclear layer (ONL) was detected in patients with paranoid schizophrenia with a positive correlation between both measurement parameters. Amplitude and peak time of the photopic negative response (PhNR) and thickness of the parafoveal ganglion cell layer (GCL) were decreased in patients with schizophrenia compared to HC. Our results show both structural and functional retinal differences between patients with paranoid schizophrenia and HC. We therefore recommend the comprehensive assessment of the visual system of patients with schizophrenia, especially to further investigate the effect of antipsychotic medication, the duration of illness, or other factors such as inflammatory or neurodegenerative processes. Moreover, longitudinal studies are required to investigate whether the functional alterations precede the structural changes.
Hecker, L., Wilson, M., Tebartz van Elst, L., & Kornmeier, J. (2022). Altered EEG variability on different time scales in participants with autism spectrum disorder: an exploratory study. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 13068. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17304-x

One of the great challenges in psychiatry is finding reliable biomarkers that may allow for more accurate diagnosis and treatment of patients. Neural variability received increasing attention in recent years as a potential biomarker. In the present explorative study we investigated temporal variability in visually evoked EEG activity in a cohort of 16 adult participants with Asperger Syndrome (AS) and 19 neurotypical (NT) controls. Participants performed a visual oddball task using fine and coarse checkerboard stimuli. We investigated various measures of neural variability and found effects on multiple time scales. (1) As opposed to the previous studies, we found reduced inter-trial variability in the AS group compared to NT. (2) This effect builds up over the entire course of a 5-min experiment and (3) seems to be based on smaller variability of neural background activity in AS compared to NTs. The here reported variability effects come with considerably large effect sizes, making them promising candidates for potentially reliable biomarkers in psychiatric diagnostics. The observed pattern of universality across different time scales and stimulation conditions indicates trait-like effects. Further research with a new and larger set of participants are thus needed to verify or falsify our findings.

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