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Vollständige Literaturliste 940 Einträge

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Hofmann, L. (2021). Spirituell, aber nicht religiös? Überlegungen zur Einbeziehung der spirituellen Dimension in der Behandlung von religiös nicht gebundenen Krebspatienten. Bewusstseinswissenschaften. Transpersonale Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 27(1), 66–79.
Kent, L., & Wittmann, M. (2021). Erratum to: Time consciousness: the missing link in theories of consciousness. Neuroscience of Consciousness, 2021(1), niab015. https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niab015

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/nc/niab011.].
Kent, L., & Wittmann, M. (2021). Special Issue: Consciousness science and its theories Time consciousness: the missing link in theories of consciousness. Neuroscience of Consciousness, 2021(1), niab011. https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niab011

There are plenty of issues to be solved in order for researchers to agree on a neural model of consciousness. Here we emphasize an often under-represented aspect in the debate: time consciousness. Consciousness and the present moment both extend in time. Experience flows through a succession of moments and progresses from future predictions, to present experiences, to past memories. However, a brief review finds that many dominant theories of consciousness only refer to brief, static, and discrete "functional moments" of time. Very few refer to more extended, dynamic, and continuous time, which is associated with conscious experience (cf. the "experienced moment"). This confusion between short and discrete versus long and continuous is, we argue, one of the core issues in theories of consciousness. Given the lack of work dedicated to time consciousness, its study could test novel predictions of rival theories of consciousness. It may be that different theories of consciousness are compatible/complementary if the different aspects of time are taken into account. Or, if it turns out that no existing theory can fully accommodate time consciousness, then perhaps it has something new to add. Regardless of outcome, the crucial step is to make subjective time a central object of study.
Kornmeier, J., Bhatia, K., & Joos, E. (2021). Top-down resolution of visual ambiguity – knowledge from the future or footprints from the past? PLOS ONE, 16(10), 0258667. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258667
Kornmeier, J., Bhatia, K., & Joos, E. (2021). Top-down resolution of visual ambiguity - knowledge from the future or footprints from the past? PloS One, 16(10), e0258667. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258667

Current theories about visual perception assume that our perceptual system weights the a priori incomplete, noisy and ambiguous sensory information with previous, memorized perceptual experiences in order to construct stable and reliable percepts. These theories are supported by numerous experimental findings. Theories about precognition have an opposite point of view. They assume that information from the future can have influence on perception, thoughts, and behavior. Several experimental studies provide evidence for precognition effects, other studies found no such effects. One problem may be that the vast majority of precognition paradigms did not systematically control for potential effects from the perceptual history. In the present study, we presented ambiguous Necker cube stimuli and disambiguated cube variants and systematically tested in two separate experiments whether perception of a currently observed ambiguous Necker cube stimulus can be influenced by a disambiguated cube variant, presented in the immediate perceptual past (perceptual history effects) and/or in the immediate perceptual future (precognition effects). We found perceptual history effects, which partly depended on the length of the perceptual history trace but were independent of the perceptual future. Results from some individual participants suggest on the first glance a precognition pattern, but results from our second experiment make a perceptual history explanation more probable. On the group level, no precognition effects were statistically indicated. The perceptual history effects found in the present study are in confirmation with related studies from the literature. The precognition analysis revealed some interesting individual patterns, which however did not allow for general conclusions. Overall, the present study demonstrates that any future experiment about sensory or extrasensory perception urgently needs to control for potential perceptual history effects and that temporal aspects of stimulus presentation are of high relevance.
Krall, S., Nahm, M., & Waldrich, H.-P. (2021). Hinter der Materie: Hans Driesch und die Natur des Lebens. Graue Edition.

Biologie und Naturphilosophie werden gegenwärtig von frischen Denkströmungen belebt, z. B. in der Formulierung der neodarwinistischen Evolutionstheorie, neuer Konzepte und Inter-pretationen der Quantenphysik oder panpsychistischer Ansätze. Es lohnt sich daher, das Werk des bedeutenden Biologen und Philosophen Hans Driesch (1867-1941) aus heutiger Sicht neu zu betrachten. Driesch setzte vor rund 100 Jahren mit seinem ganzheitlichen Lebensverständ-nis entscheidende Impulse, die heute wieder aktuell sind. Seine Pionierleistungen würdigend werden hier verschiedene Aspekte seines Lebens, seiner empirischen Forschungen und philo-sophischen Leitideen beleuchtet. Die Autoren Krall und Nahm sind Biologen, Waldrich ver-fügt über eine breite geisteswissenschaftliche Ausbildung. Zahlreiche Publikationen der Auto-ren zu naturphilosophischen Themen.
Mayer, G., & Fuhrmann, M. (2021). A German online survey of people who have experienced sleep paralysis. Journal of Sleep Research, n/a(n/a), e13509. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13509

We present some key findings from an online survey on isolated sleep paralysis. The aim of our study was to get a differentiated picture of the correlation between the frequency of sleep paralysis and several phenomena (symptoms, experiences) as well as factors correlated with these phenomena. We also investigated the role of gender in relation to the experience of sleep paralysis. We used a selected sample of subjects who had had at least one sleep paralysis experience, with a total of 380 subjects. On average, the participants experienced 10–20 sleep paralysis episodes. We found high and expected positive correlations between the frequency of sleep paralysis experiences and the amount of phenomena, emotions, and perceived shapes and forms experienced during sleep paralysis. An increased frequency of sleep paralysis also appears to lead to habituation and de-dramatization in some affected individuals. Interestingly, significant correlations are missing where one would have suspected them based on the previous hypotheses. Neither self-perceived general stress nor poor sleep hygiene appeared to influence the frequency of sleep paralysis. We found highly significant gender differences in some items. Women reported more experienced phenomena and emotions overall, had more frequent sleep paralysis experiences of the intruder and incubus type, and were significantly more likely to perceive concrete forms such as human figures or people they know. They were also more likely than men to report experiencing fearful emotions, especially the fear of going crazy. Most of these findings were based on exploratory questions; they require replication for validation.

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Nahm, M. (2021). A new case of scientific dishonesty in the field of parapsychology. Journal of Scientific Exploration, 35(3), 623–638. https://doi.org/10.31275/20212237
Nahm, M. (2021). Climbing mount evidence: A strategic assessment of the best available evidence for the survival of human consciousness after permanent bodily death. https://www.bigelowinstitute.org/index.php/bics-afterlife-proof/bics-essay-contest-winners-runners-up/

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Nahm, M. (2021). Ganzheitsbiologische Strömungen im Umfeld der Philosophie von Hans Driesch. In S. Krall, M. Nahm, & H.-P. Waldrich, Hinter der Materie: Hans Driesch und die Natur des Lebens (pp. 143–201). Graue Edition.
Nahm, M. (2021). Hans Drieschs Beschäftigung mit der Parapsychologie. In S. Krall, M. Nahm, & H.-P. Waldrich, Hinter der Materie: Hans Driesch und die Natur des Lebens (pp. 127–143). Graue Edition.
Nahm, M. (2021). Paul Kammerer and epigenetics: A reappraisal of his experiments. Contributions to Zoology, 91(3), 318–343. https://doi.org/10.1163/18759866-bja10019
Nahm, M. (2021). Supplement to: Climbing mount evidence. A strategic assessment of the best available evidence for the survival of human consciousness after permanent bodily death. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michael-Nahm/research

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Nahm, M. (2021). What is science? Journal of Anomalistics, 21(2), 403–407. https://doi.org/10.23793/zfa.2021.403
Ott, U. (2021). Spiritualität für Skeptiker. Wissenschaftlich fundierte Meditationen für mehr Bewusstheit im Alltag. O. W. Barth.
Schellinger, U., Anton, A., & M, W. (2021). It is all so strangely intertwined“: A discussion between Hans Bender and Carl Gustav Jung about synchronicity (1960. Phânes, 4, 1–50.
Schellinger, U., Anton, A., & Wittmann, M. (2021). It is all so Strangely Intertwined." A discussion between Hans Bender and Carl Gustav Jung about synchronicity (1960. Phanês, 4, 1–50. https://doi.org/10.32724/phanes.2021.schellinger.et.al
Schellinger, U., & Nahm, M. (2021). Freiburgs Gespenster: Spuk und Geister in der Stadt von 1800 bis heute (2nd ed.). Institut für Grenzgebiete der Psychologie und Psychohygiene.
Schmied-Knittel, I. (2021). Zwischen Science und Séance: Die Biologin und Parapsychologin Fanny Moser (1872-1953. In M. Lessau, P. Redl, & H. C. Riechers (Eds.), Heterodoxe Wissenschaft in der Moderne (pp. 69–90). Brill/Fink. https://doi.org/10.30965/9783846765883_006
Kübel, S. L., & Wittmann, M. (2020). A German Validation of Four Questionnaires Crucial to the Study of Time Perception: BPS, CFC-14, SAQ, and MQT. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228477

We aimed to validate four established questionnaires related to time perception in German (Consideration of Future Consequences-14 scale (CFC-14), Boredom Proneness Scale (BPS), Metacognitive Questionnaire on Time (MQT), and Self-Awareness Questionnaire (SAQ)) using a back-translation method. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted on the data of 273 German-speaking participants to evaluate the factorial structures. Internal consistencies indicated good reliability values of the questionnaires and the respective subscales, except for the MQT. Intercorrelations between the questionnaires were examined to test their external validities and gain additional insight into the associations among the constructs. The consideration of future consequences was negatively linked to boredom proneness, whereas interoceptive awareness of one's bodily sensations was positively associated with boredom proneness. Additionally, interoceptive awareness was linked to metacognitive beliefs about which factors influence time perception. The results are discussed in regard to human time perception. Conclusion: The validated German questionnaires can now be used in research projects. Initial observations on how the questionnaires are related to each other fit the current knowledge on how human time perception works, yielding the first evidence for the external validity of the German versions of these established questionnaires. For evidence of criterion validity, future studies should more thoroughly investigate the external validities analyzing the correlations with other validated measures.

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